Гидрохлорид Mecamylamine

Описание

Mecamylamine hydrochloride is a non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist with preferential activity at the α3β4 subtype (IC50 = 90-640 nM) compared to α4β2, α3β2, and α7 subtypes (IC50 range from 1-7 μM), previously used to treat hypertension.Displays antidepressant-like effects in mice.
Mecamylamine HCl is supplied as tablets for oral use, each containing 2.5 mg mecamylamine HCl. Inactive ingredients are calcium phosphate, D&C Yellow 10, FD&C Yellow 6, lactose, magnesium stearate, cornstarch, and talc.

Химические свойства

Mecamylamine hydrochloride is a white, odorless, or practically odorless, crystalline powder, is highly stable, soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 203.75.

Использование

Mecamylamine hydrochloride has been used as an additive in extracellular saline during current-clamp recordings to reduce synaptic input. It has also been used as a non-selective nicotinic acetyl choline receptor blocker in aortic body neurons and in MLO-Y4 cells.

Использование

Currently, mecamylamine is the only ganglioblocker used for general hypertension; however, the need has declined because of the possibility of addiction and the introduction of many other antihypertensive drugs into medical practice.

Общее описание

The secondary aminemecamylamine hydrochloride, N,2,3,3-tetramethyl-2-norbornanaminehydrochloride (Inversine), has a powerful ganglionicblocking effect that is almost identical to that ofhexamethonium. It has an advantage over most of the ganglionicblocking agents in being absorbed readily andsmoothly from the GI tract. It is rarely used, however, forthe treatment of moderate-to-severe hypertension becausesevere orthostatic hypotension occurs when the drug blockssympathetic ganglia.

Биологическая активность

Non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Displays antidepressant-like effects in mice.

Синтез

Mecamylamine, N,2,3,3-tetramethylnorbornan-2-ylamine (14.2.2), is synthesized from 2,3,3-trimethylnorbornen-2, which is reacted in a Ritter reaction conditions with hydrogen cyanide in concentrated sulfuric acid, giving 2,3,3-trimethylnorbornan-2-ylformylamine (14.2.1), the reduction of which by lithium aluminum hydride leads to mecamylamine (14.2.2) [32,33].

Метаболизм

Mecamylamine hydrochloride (Inversine) is a secondary amine and can therefore easily penetrate cell membranes. Its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is more complete than that of the quaternary ammonium compounds. Mecamylamine is well absorbed orally and crosses both the blood-brain and placental barriers; its distribution is not confined to the extracellular space. High concentrations of the drug accumulate in the liver and kidney, and it is excreted unchanged by the kidney. In contrast to most of the highly ionized ganglionic blocking agents, mecamylamine can produce central nervous system effects, including tremors, mental confusion, seizures, mania, and depression.The mechanism by which these central effects are produced is unclear.Mecamylamine is rarely used today as an antihypertensive drug because it blocks both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia.