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The review of sodium acetate trihydrate

Jan 28,2022

Introduction

Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) is a hydrated salt with a phase transition temperature of 58°C and a latent heat value of 266kJ/kg. Due to its stable phase transition temperature, high latent heat of phase transition, non-toxicity, non-corrosion and good economy, The application is more extensive. However, as an inorganic phase change material, it also has the problems of large undercooling, poor phase separation and poor circulation effect. Choi Wenlong et al. used the nucleating agent method, vibration method and stirring method to eliminate the supercooling degree of sodium acetate trihydrate through experimental methods [1]. By adding different kinds of additives and nucleating agents, Wang Zhiping found that adding 5% disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to sodium acetate trihydrate can effectively make the material annealed. cooling down to 2.02°C and prevent phase separation [2]. TAKAHIRO et al. added 1% sodium pyrophosphate as a nucleating agent to sodium acetate trihydrate, and the supercooling degree was reduced to less than 5 °C. After multiple cycle experiments, the material still had good heat storage performance [3].

 Supercooling characteristics of sodium acetate trihydrate

The chemical formula of Sodium acetate trihydrate is NaCH3COO.3H20. Sodium acetate trihydrate is a promising heat storage material (m.p:58°C, heat of fusion, AHf~s:252 kJ/ kg (60.3 cal/g)[1]. This salt melts incongruently, producing anhydrous NaCH3COO. Besides, the salt can supercool heavily. Consequently, two problems of this hydrate, supercooling and phase separation, must be solved before practical use as a latent heat storage material. Supercooling characteristics of NaCH3COO. 3H20 are similar to those of Na2SEO3.5H20 and CaC12.6H20. During nucleation, the chemical potential of water must increase, as the water molecules rearrange themselves into the surroundings of the solid hydrate, because the chemical potential of water in crystalline state, Ixc, is higher than that in the supercooled melt, Ixm. The difference of the chemical potential (A IXH20 = IXc -- IX,.) may be considered a rough measure of the barrier to nucleation. Infrared spectroscopic characteristics of these molten hydrates have been clarified by us recently[4]. 

Application of Sodium acetate trihydrate in composite phase change materials

The composite phase  change material  was formed by expanded graphite  (EG)  with porous mesh structure and sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) as the substrate [5]. The effects of EG on the properties of  SAT  were  studied  by  using  scanning  electron  microscope,  temperature  data  logger,  differential scanning  calorimeter,  and  Hot  Disk  thermal  constant  analyzer  etc.  The  results  showed  that  the  EG could  not  reduce  the  degree  of  supercooling  of  SAT,  but  it  could  largely  improve  the  thermal conductivity  of  the  material.  EG  had  little  effect  on  the  latent  heat  value  and  phase  transition temperature  of  SAT.  EG  could  reduce  the  phase  separation  of  SAT  and  improve  its  durability. Compared  to  the  pure  SAT,  the  degree  of  supercooling  of  composite  PCM  (7%  EG+1%  disodium hydrogen  phosphate  +  SAT)  was  reduced  by  49℃.  Thermal  conductivity  of  the  composite  PCM  was doubled. Latent heat and phase transition temperature of the composite PCM were basically the same. After 50 cycles, the change of latent heat of  composite  PCM  was kept  within 1.4%,  which had great 
potential in thermal storage. As the picture 1 showed, there is ET/SAT composite material on SEM.

Article illustration

Picture 1 EG/SAT composite material [5]

Reference

1 CUI  Wenlong,  YUAN  Yanping,  SUN  Liangliang,  et  al.  Thermal property in phase-change units and improvement for supercooling of sodium acetate thrihydrate[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(s2): 149-158. 
2 WANG Z P, GUO C H, WANG K Z, et al. Experimental study on heat storage  performance  of  sodium  acetate  trihydrate  as  phase  change material[J]. Chemical Engineering, 2011, 39(5): 27-30. 
3 TAKAHIRO  W,  MATSUNAGA  K,  MATSUO  Y.  Studies  on  salt hydrates for latent heat storage.  Ⅴ. Preheating effect on crystallization of sodium acetate trihydrate from aqueous solution with a small amount of  sodium  pyrophosphate decahydrate[J].  Bulletin  of  the  Chemical Society of Japan , 2006, 57(2): 557-560. 
4 Kimura H, Kai J. Phase change stability of sodium acetate trihydrate and its mixtures[J]. Solar energy, 1985, 35(6): 527-534.
5 YUAN Weiye, ZHANG Xuelai, HUA Weisan, HAN Xingchao, LI Yuyang, WANG Xiang. Thermal storage performance of sodium acetate trihydrate/expanded graphite composite phase change material[J]. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS, 2018, 37(11): 4405-4410.
 
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