Application and Synthesis of spermidine

Spermidine (Spd) is a kind of low molecular weight nitrogenous base commonly existing in organisms, which is involved in many physiological and biochemical processes regulating plant growth and development, including seed development, seed germination and seedling growth, adventitious root formation, microbial symbiosis, abiotic stress resistance, etc. Exogenous spermidine can significantly improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt damage, high temperature, low temperature, flooding and heavy metals.

Studies have shown that the mechanism of spermidine involved in the regulation of plant stress resistance is mainly to stimulate plants to form resistance mechanisms at the physiological and biochemical levels as stress transmission signals. Lizhou et al. found that exogenous spermidine can effectively improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content of white clover under water stress, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment function. Exogenous spermidine can also alleviate the oxidative damage caused by saline alkali stress, improve the integrity of chloroplast structure and strengthen the resistance of tomato under saline alkali stress by regulating the chlorophyll metabolism and antioxidant system of tomato. In addition, spermidine can regulate the relative water content, ion balance and photosynthesis of plant leaves under abiotic stress. At present, the molecular mechanism of exogenous spermidine regulating abiotic stress resistance of plants is relatively less studied.

Picture 1 Spermidine powders

Mitigative effect of exogenous spermidine on sunflower seedlings under saline-alkali stress

In order to improve salt-alkali tolerance for sunflower at seedling stage, cultivar SH361 was used as material, and the effect of spermidine on growth and physiological characteristics of sunflower seedlings under saline-alkali stress were studied by spraying different concentrations of spermidine (0.5,1.0,and 1.5 mmol·L-1).Results showed that salt-alkali stress significantly inhibited seedling growth. Malondialdehyde content increased 77.8%and relative conductivity increased 2.6 times. Sunflower seedlings adapted to salt-alkali stress by increasing osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activities. Spraying spermidine significantly improved seedlings tolerance to saline-alkali.1.0 mmol·L-1spermidine had the most obvious effect. Plant growth index and biomass increased remarkable. It increased content of osmotic regulation substances and reduced damage of lipid membrane by more than 30%.Furthermore,activities of SOD,POD and CAT increased 1.7,1.4 and 1.3 times respectively. It indicated that appropriate concentration of spermidine promoted salt-alkali tolerance of sunflower seedlings at physiological level, which effectively alleviated inhibition by salt-alkali stress on sunflower seedling[1]. 

Application of spermidine in freshness preservation with branches for citruses

The invention belongs to the field of plant production practice application, and particularly relates to application of spermidine in freshness preservation with branches for citruses. The spermidine is used for treating citruses, thereby obviously reducing overwintering fruit dropping of the citruses, and the fruit dropping rate is obviously different from that of a contrast; furthermore, the quality of fruits is not changed, and the taste cannot be affected. The spermidine (Spd) exists in a human body and a plant body, and can enhance the immunity of a human body and assist a plant in defending adversity stress. The use concentration of the spermidine is 1 mmol/L Spd, which is relatively low; furthermore, after being subjected to spermidine application for month, the citruses are picked; the residual spermidine content in the fruits is extremely low; the spermidine is applicable to large-range popularization. Application of spermidine in freshness preservation with branches for citruses[2].

Synthesis process of spermidine and intermediate of spermidine

The invention provides a synthesis process of spermidine (I), which comprises the following steps: by taking 3-phthalimidopropionaldehyde (V) and N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-1,4-butanediamine (IV) as raw materials, carrying out reductive amination reaction to obtain an intermediate N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-4-(3-phthalimidopropylamido)butylamine (III), removing a protecting group from the intermediate (III) to obtain spermidine trihydrochloride (II), and dissociating the spermidine trihydrochloride (II) to obtain spermidine (I). The design route is simple and efficient, and a new method is provided for chemical synthesis of spermidine. Synthesis process of spermidine and intermediate of spermidine.

Reference

1 Wu Yue, Shan Feibiao, Li Jun, Mi Zhirong, Han Jie, Chen Yang. Mitigation effect of exogenous spermidine on saline alkali stress of sunflower seedlings [J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crops: 1-7 [2022-09-14].

2 CN107006455A (B) • 2017-08-04 • UNIV HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL

3 CN113548971A • 2021-10-26 • SHANGHAI PUYI CHEMICAL TECH CO LTD

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