| Chemical Properties | Crystalline Solid |
| Chemical Properties | Procarbazine is a white to pale yellow crystal- line powder with a slight odor. |
| Uses | Procarbazine hydrochloride USP is used to traet Hodgkin’s disease; non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas; lung cancer. |
| Uses | Antineoplastic. |
| Uses | Antineoplastic;DNA replication inhibitor |
| Definition | ChEBI: A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaki g of DNA strands. |
| Brand name | Matulane (Sigma-Tau). |
| General Description | White to pale yellow crystalline powder with a slight odor. Acid to litmus. |
| General Description | Procarbazine is available in 50-mg tablets for oral administrationin the treatment of Hodgkin’s (part of MOPP) andnon-Hodgkin’s disease, brain cancer, and mycosis fungoides.The major mechanisms of resistance appear to beenhanced activity of DNA-repair enzymes including enhancedO-6-alkylguanine DNA transferase (AGAT),which removes the methyl group from the O-6 of guanine.The agent is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administrationand extensively metabolized in the liver togive azo-procarbazine followed by further oxidation tomethyldiazine and the aldehyde. The parent drug andmetabolites cross the blood-brain barrier. Elimination occursin the urine mostly as metabolites with an eliminationhalf-life of 1 hour. Myelosuppression is dose limiting, generallypresenting as thrombocytopenia that may be followedby leucopenia. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasedeficient patients may develop hemolytic anemia duringprocarbazine therapy. Other adverse effects include nausea,vomiting, hypersensitivity, flulike symptoms, amenorrhea,and azoospermia. Central nervous symptom effectsmay be seen, including lethargy, confusion, neuropathies,and seizure. |
| Air & Water Reactions | In the presence of moisture or in aqueous solution undergoes oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. Water soluble. |
| Reactivity Profile | Procarbazine hydrochloride is very sensitive to light. Stability is highest in aqueous acid and decreases with increasing pH. Degrades rapidly in alcoholic media and more slowly in aqueous media . |
| Fire Hazard | Flash point data for Procarbazine hydrochloride are not available; however, Procarbazine hydrochloride is probably combustible. |
| Safety Profile | Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic data. Poison by an unspecified route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and HCl. Used as a chemotherapeutic agent. |
| Potential Exposure | Procarbazine is available in capsule form. The primary use of this drug is as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease, and oat-cell carcinoma of the lung. The hydrochloride com- pound is used in treatment. The FDA approved use of pro- carbazine hydrochloride in 1969 and indicated that the drug should be used as an adjunct to standard therapy. Possible exposure occurs during manufacture of the drug and direct exposure during its subsequent administration to patients. Some of the metabolites of procarbazine hydrochloride are both carcinostatic and carcinogenic. |
| Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | In veterinary medicine, procarbazine is used as part of MOPP protocols (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) to treat lymphomas in dogs and cats. It may be of benefit in treating granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) in dogs. |
| Shipping | UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. |
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