Antipyretic analgesic acetaminophen chemical name N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide), trade name paracetamol, belongs to the acetanilide antipyretic analgesic drugs. It was first synthesized by Morse in 1878 and first used clinically by VonMering in 1893. It became an over-the-counter drug in the United States in 1955 and began production in China in the late 1950s. Its appearance is white crystalline or crystalline powder, melting point 168 ~ 172℃, odorless, slightly bitter, easily soluble in hot water or ethanol, dissolved in acetone, almost insoluble in cold water and petroleum ether. It is stable below 45 ° C, but if it is exposed to humid air, it will hydrolyze into aminophenol, and then further oxidize, and the color gradually becomes pink, brown, and finally black, so it should be kept in a cold and dry place. Acetaminophen plays an antipyretic role by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, and its antipyretic effect is similar in intensity to that of aspirin. It produces analgesic effect by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the central nervous system and blocking the impulse of pain nerve endings, which is weaker than aspirin. It has the advantages of little irritation, rarely allergic reaction, and the antipyretic and analgesic effect is similar to phenacetin, because many countries restrict or prohibit the use of phenacetin, so that the application of acetaminophen increased. Clinically, it is mainly used for fever and headache caused by cold and relieving mild and moderate pain, such as joint pain, muscle pain, neuralgia, migraine, dysmenorrhea, cancer pain and postoperative analgesia. It can also be used in patients who are allergic to aspirin, intolerant to aspirin or not suitable for aspirin use: such as chickenpox, hemophilia and other bleeding diseases (including patients with anticoagulant therapy), as well as patients with mild peptic ulcer and gastritis; In addition, it can also be used in the synthesis of the drug primatol, and as an intermediate in organic synthesis, photographic chemicals and a stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide. Acetaminophen is a phenolic organic compound used for fever caused by the common cold or influenza, and also for the relief of mild to moderate pain such as headache, joint pain, migraine, toothache, muscle pain, neuralgia, dysmenorrhea.
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