Vitamin B12

$ 1.00 /1KG

Min. Order1G
Purity98%
Cas No68-19-9
Supply Ability100KG
Update time2019-07-06

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Chemical Properties

Product Name	Vitamin B12
CAS No	68-19-9
EC-No
Min. Order	1G
Purity	98%
Supply Ability	100KG
Release date	2019/07/06

AD68

Vitamin B12 Basic information

outline Chemical properties Characters The structure of vitamin B12 Uses Physiologic function vitamin B12 deficiency Main Application Content Analysis Toxicity Limited use Production method

Product Name:	Vitamin B12
Synonyms:	hemomin;hepacon-b12;hepagon;hepavis;hepcovite;lactobacilluslactisdornerfactor;lldfactor;macrabin
CAS:	68-19-9
MF:	C63H88CoN14O14P
MW:	1355.37
EINECS:	200-680-0
Product Categories:	Organometallics;Biochemistry;Classes of Metal Compounds;Co (Cobalt) Compounds;Porphyrins;Transition Metal Compounds;Vitamins;Nutritional Supplements;Vitamins and derivatives;Vitamin Ingredients;Carbohydrates & Derivatives;Chiral Reagents;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Mainly used in the treatment of giant young red blood cell anemia, nutritional bad blood loss anemia, neuralgia and obstructive disease;Vitamin series;Cobalamin, vitamin B-12;vitamin;Pharmaceutical intermediates;Inhibitors
Mol File:	68-19-9.mol

Vitamin B12 Chemical Properties

Melting point	>300°C
alpha	23656 -59 ± 9° (dil aq soln)
Fp	9℃
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	Soluble
form	Crystalline Powder or Crystals
color	Red to dark red
Water Solubility	Soluble
Sensitive	Hygroscopic
Merck	14,10014
BRN	4122889
Stability:	Hygroscopic. Keep cold and dry.
EPA Substance Registry System	Vitamin B12(68-19-9)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes	F,T
Risk Statements	11-23/24/25-39/23/24/25
Safety Statements	22-24/25-45-36/37-16-7
RIDADR	UN1230 - class 3 - PG 2 - Methanol, solution
WGK Germany	1
RTECS	GG3750000
F	3-8-10
TSCA	Yes
Hazardous Substances Data	68-19-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Vitamin B12 Usage And Synthesis

outline	Vitamin B12, which is called VB12 for short, also known as cobalamin, and is one of the B vitamins, is a class of complex organic compounds containing cobalt Corrin class ,and contained trivalent cobalt in similar porphyrin Corrin plane at the center of the ring.It is the largest and most complex vitamin molecule that has been discovered. It is also the only vitamin with metal ion. The crystal is red, it is also called red vitamin.The plant does not contain VB12, and can not produce VB12. The liver is the best source of VB12, then from milk, meat, eggs, fish and so on.VB12 is an essential coenzyme in the synthesis of RNA and DNA. The lack of VB12 in vivo can cause pathological changes in the nervous system such as peripheral nerve and central nervous system. The discovery of vitamin B12, first of all, should be attributed to the research work carried out by the people in the treatment of pernicious anemia named by British physician Addison.The pernicious anemia at that time is a type of cancer that is incurable. In 1926, Minot and Murphy found it can cure the disease by ingestion of large amounts of raw liver , for which they won the 1934 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine prize. Following the discovery of Minot and Murphy, people successfully cured the disease by liver concentrate. In 1948, the riches, British Smith and Parker et al, respectively from the liver concentrate isolated a red crystal, named for vitamin B12. In the same year, R. west of Columbia University in the United States confirmed by injections of vitamin B12 to effective treatment of pernicious anemia.Then in 1955, D. Hodgkin,et al. using X-ray analysis to determine the crystal structure of vitamin B12. He also won the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1972, Woodward successfully completed the total synthesis of vitamin B12. Figure 1 is the source of vitamin B12
Chemical properties	Deep red crystalline or amorphous crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless. Melting point is 210~220 ℃ (carbonized to black). 1g product can be dissolved in 80mL water, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in acetone, ethyl ether or chloroform. Anhydrous is easy to absorb moisture, crystallization of Vitamin B12 in neutral and acidic solution to air and better thermal stability, in alkali, strong acid and reducing agent is not stable, not resistant to light and ultraviolet.
Characters	It is the deep red crystal or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless, hygroscopic strong. Slightly soluble in water or ethanol, insoluble in chloroform or ether. Heat-resistant, but in the case of oxidizing or reducing substances (such as vitamin C or hydrogen peroxide, etc.), heavy metal salts and strong acids, alkalis, it can become invalid.
The structure of vitamin B12	Vitamin B12 is octahedral compound containing cobalt ions, its center structure is composed of four pyrrole (pyrrole) connected to the composition of the plane goo phen ring corrinring.Vitamin B12 molecule generally consists of three parts: four N atoms and the central cobalt ion is chelated to Corrin ring; 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole,DMBI) by N-7 atoms and cobalt ions linked to low vitamin B12 molecule as a (alpha) ligand, in addition, DMBI is by phosphate groups and aminopropanol aminopropanol connected and ammonia alcohol and pyrrole D of the propionic acid side chains covalently connected; adenosine (adenosylgroup) or methyl (methylgroup) and cobalt ions linked to vitamin B12 molecules of the host (beta) ligand. Ligands above corrin ring axial are different forms of vitamin B12 substances of different types. The hydroxyl (-OH) is connected with the cobalt Corrin ring in the formation of hydroxocobalamin (hydroxycobalamin), similarly, deoxyadenosine (5 '-deoxyadenosyl), methyl (-CH3), cyano (-CN) connected with cobalt ions each generat to deoxyadenosylcobalamin (deoxyadenosylcobalamin), methyl cobalamin (methylcobalamin) and Vitamin B12e (Vitamin B12). In nature, the final form of vitamin B12 is microbial biosynthesis of deoxyadenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12), methyl cobalamin and hydroxycobalamin. But because their character is not stable, artificially adding sodium cyanide in industrial purification process, can make the natural form of vitamin B12 into more stable Vitamin B12e. Figure 2 the structure of vitamin B12
Uses	1. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause anemia, nervous system disorders. It can be used in infant foods, used amount is 10~30μg/kg; use in strengthening drink liquid and the amount is 2~6μg/kg. 2. Mainly used to treat megaloblastic anemia, poor nutrition, blood loss anemia, neuralgia and obstructive disorders. 3. As the feed nutrition fortifier, with anti-anemia effects of pernicious anemia, nutritional anemia, parasites and anemia and effective dosage is 15-30mg/t. 4. Vitamin B12 is essential for the metabolism of the human body. The average total amount of vitamin B12 in the human body is 2-5mg, 50-90% of which is stored in the liver, the body needs to release into the blood in the formation of red blood cells. Chronic lack of B12 can cause pernicious anemia. B12 and folic acid are important fear of enzymes during cell nucleic acid synthesis, involved in the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, nucleic acids and methionine; and allows methyltransferase to promote the synthesis of the base; at the same time to increase the synthesis of sugar yuan, thus eliminating the role of liver fat. Clinical often as a drug for the treatment of liver diseases. Human need vitamin B121 micrograms per day, every day foods provide 2 micrograms, to ensure the normal needs. Hydroxocobalamin in Vitamin B12 reacts with cyanide to generate Vitamin B12, to eliminate cyanide toxicity. Therefore, the lack of vitamin B12 for cyanide sensitivity is higher than the average person. Thus, vitamin B12 deficiency sensitivity to cyanide higher than the average person. Vitamin B12 is mainly used to treat pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, antifolate drugs starting from anemia and multiple neuritis.
Physiologic function	1. To improve the utilization of folic acid, it and folic acid are together with the synthesis of methionine (from high cysteine synthetase) and choline, producing Vitamin B12 application based pioneer substances such as methyl cobalamin and coenzyme B12 in purine and pyrimidine synthesis process, participating in the methylation process in many important compounds. When vitamin B12 deficiency, activities which transferred methyl groups from the methylenetetrahydrofolate reduced to make folic acid into no use of form, leading to folate deficiency. 2.Maintain the metabolism and function of the nerve myelin sheath. Lack of vitamin B12, can cause neurological disorders, degeneration of spinal cord, and can cause severe psychiatric symptoms. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause peripheral neuritis. Children's lack of vitamin B12 early performance is emotional, dull, slow response, and finally leads to anemia. 3. Promote the development and maturation of red blood cells. The two acyl coenzyme A is converted to succinate coenzyme A, which is involved in the synthesis of three carboxylic acid cycle, in which the synthesis of A is related to the synthesis of heme. 4. Vitamin B12 is also involved in synthesis of deoxy nucleic acid (DNA), metabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein, increasing the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. An overview of vitamin B12, traits, physiological function, application are compiled by Eastern of Chemicalbook . (2016-12-10)
vitamin B12 deficiency	1. The causes of vitamin B12 deficiency (1) Too little intake body can not synthesize vitamin B12. Dietary vitamin B12 is from animal food, milk and less content of dairy products , vegetable foods are basically no vitamin B12. Vegetarians are more prone to vitamin B12 deficiency than non vegetarians.. Vitamin B12 intake and serum vitamin B12 levels were positively correlated..Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency or lack of intake, may be due to low vitamin B12 in the milk causing vitamin B12 deficiency in infants. (2) malabsorption The Elderly people are prone to vitamin B12 deficiency, about 60% is due to gastrointestinal reasons causing food bound cobalamin malabsorption. Taking more than 12 to 30 g of synthetic vitamin B12 per day can make older people's low vitamin B12, the risk of high MMA reduced. Oral administration of high doses of vitamin MMA can make most of the vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly to return to normal. (3) The lack of intrinsic factor vitamin B12 needs to be combined with the internal factor to eventually be absorbed. Pernicious anemia patients have intrinsic factor autoantibodies, it can lead to serious vitamin B12 deficiency. (4) Others taking anti-epileptic drugs, metformin, histamine H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors, hereditary cobalt amine transfer protein II deficiency, tropical sprue, Helicobacter pylori infections, parasitic infections, also It can lead to be lack of vitamin B12. 2. Vitamin B12 deficiency and disease (1) anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia caused by lack of vitamin B12 like the same as lack of folic acid, just as megaloblastic anemia. However, whether the elderly people or less intake of food of animal origin in the crowd, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is not associated with the state. People that are lack of vitamin B12 supplement vitamin B12 and this does not affect the whole blood cell count. (2) homocysteine Blood total homocysteine concentration is more than 10μmol /L, can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and venous thrombosis. Vitamin B12 is involved in homocysteine metabolic methylation process, is essential cofactors for the methionine synthase (enzyme catalytic homocysteine methyl). Vitamin B12, folic acid concentration in the blood and homocysteine concentration. Vitamin B12, folic acid concentrations are relation to homocysteine concentration in the blood. In Indian the vegetarian population, high incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency is related to coronary artery disease. For diabetic retinopathy population, vitamin B12 deficiency associated with high homocysteine and vitamin B12 deficiency may be an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. However, vitamin B12 did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. (3) nervous and mental diseases Vitamin B12 and folic acid have a pivotal role in maintaining the normal function of the central nervous system (CNS). SAM is an important donor in the brain, and the imbalance of methylation is one of the causes of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Homocysteine is also one of the reasons of CNS disorders, associated with cognitive impairment. Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency can make homocysteine concentration increased and interfere with the methylation status. MMA is toxic to the nervous system. Vitamin B12 and folic acid can protect the elderly CNS disease, mood disorders and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and dementia), other studies was negative results. Despite the extensive literature show that B-group vitamins and homocysteine, and cognitive and mood disorders, dementia related but even if they can reduce homocysteine levels and in randomized controlled trials, there is no clear evidence that supplement of folic acid and vitamin B12 could improve cognitive impairment and dementia, can not improve the symptoms of depression. (4) fertility and birth defects folic acid is a protective factor to neural tube defects (NTD), folate metabolism closely linked to vitamin B12 is also an independent risk factor of the NTD. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a risk factor for early pregnancy abortion, recurrent abortion. In the neonatal period, vitamin B12 deficiency can seriously damage the development and function of the nervous system, more performance for infant growth retardation and nervous system disabilities but not anemia. Once the baby of vitamin B12 deficiency occurs, low levels of vitamin B12 will continue for at least a year. Even if corrected early vitamin B12 deficiency, these children still may appear to be long-term neurological, cognitive impairment, including irritability, anorexia, growth retardation, mental retardation and developmental regression. (5) Others vitamin B12 deficiency may increase the chance of occurrence of some cancers. Vitamin B12 and bone density may be related, but different conclusions are not consistent.
Main Application	1. Applications for medical and health care Used in the treatment of various VB12 deficiency, for example: treat megaloblastic anemia, anemia caused by poisoning, aplastic anemia and leukopenia psychosis; and with the use of pantothenic acid, which can prevent malignant anemia, helps Fe2+ uptake and secretion of gastric acid; also used to treat arthritis, facial nerve paralysis, trigeminal neuralgia, hepatitis, herpes, asthma and other allergies, atopic dermatitis, hives, eczema and bursitis; VB12 can also be used for the nervousness, irritability, insomnia, memory loss, depression disorder treatment. New research shows that, VB12 deficiency can also cause depression mental illness. VB12 as a therapeutic agent or health products ,is very safe,more than thousands of times of RDA VB12 is not found poisoning phenomenon in intravenous or intramuscular. 2. Applications in respect of feed VB12 can promote growth and development of the poultry, livestock especially poult, young animals , improve the utilization of feed protein, and thus it may be used as feed additives. Treatment of eggs and fry with vitamin B12 solution to improve fish of toxic substances in the water such as tolerance to benzene and heavy metal and reducing mortality. Since the "mad cow" incident in European, the use of the chemical structure of vitamins and other nutritional supplements to replace the clear "MBM" has more room for development. Currently the world's production of VB12 is mostly used for the feed industry. 3. In other aspects of the application In developed countries, VB12 complex with other substances are used in cosmetics; in the food industry, VB12 is used as ham, sausage, ice cream, fish, meat and other food colorants. In family life, the VB12 solution is adsorbed on activated carbon, zeolites, non-woven fabric or paper to be made into soap, toothpaste, etc; it can be used for deodorant toilet, refrigerator, eliminating the smell of sulfide and aldehydes; VB12 is also available in dehalogenation of environmental protection soil and common pollutants in surface water-organic halides.
Content Analysis	Weighed accurately sample of about 30 mg, and it is taken transferred to a 1000ml volumetric flask to volume with water and mix. Another Weigh Pharmaceutical grade vitamin B12 as reference standard sample, dissolved in water, and then gradually diluted with water to a concentration of about 30μg/ml of the standard solution. Make a blank test with water, with a suitable spectrophotometer, and measured at the maximum absorption wavelength (about 361nm), the absorbance of the two solutions in 1 cm Colorimetric pool . According to the following formula to calculate the sample of vitamin B12 (C63 H88CoNl4O14P) content (mg). Content of vitamin B12 (mg) = C × Au/As Where c is the concentration of reference standard solution, in units of μg/ml; Au and As are the absorbance of the sample solution and reference standard solution, respectively.
Toxicity	GRAS(FDA，§182．5945，2000)。
Limited use	GB 14880-94: infant food, fortified beverages 10~15μg/kg. FDA, §184.1945 (2000): In (3MP) limit. GB 2760-2002 (μg/kg): soft drinks 0.6-1.8 ; instant breakfast cereal, 5-10; jelly 2.0-6.0; cocoa powder and other solid nutritional beverage flavors, 1-6.6 (corresponding nutritious milk drink by diluting reduce multiple usage).
Production method	1. A large number of synthetic vitamin B12 can be produced by actinomycetes, such as Streptomyces sp., and the production of vitamin B12. in the culture solution of this kind of bacteria is used in industry. The whole synthesis of vitamin B12 has been completed in 1973 by R.B. Wood, which is a very outstanding work in organic synthesis. 2.1)It is prepared by the chain of gray mold fermentation broth after acidification with a weak acid exchange acrylic cationic resin--122 adsorption, and then eluted, purified, transformed with 1% cyanide by solvent and water extraction repeatedly, lead oxide layer analysis, crystallized from acetone to obtain the finished product. (2) Glucose, corn syrup as the raw material, vaccination Hsueh Propionibacterium (Propionibacterium shermarii) fermentation, the fermentation broth was added cobalt chloride, 5,6-2-methyl benzimidazole, were extracted and dried to obtain product.
Chemical Properties	Crystalline
Uses	vitamin, coenzyme B12
Uses	Prototype of the family of naturally occurring cobalt coordination compounds knows as corrinoids. Analogs of vitamin B12 which differ only in the β-ligand of the cobalt are termed cobalamins. Synthesi zed almost exclusively by bacteria. Dietary sources include fish, meat, liver, and dairy products; plants have little or no cobalamins. Converted by the body into its bioactive forms, methylcobalamin and cobamamide, which serve as enzyme cofactors. Severe deficiency may result in megaloblastic anemia and/or neurological impairment.
Uses	A coenzyme for synthesis of nucleic acids and metabolism carbohydrates.