HEMOKININ 1 (HUMAN)

Hemokinin 1, human is a selective tachykinin neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor full agonist. Hemokinin 1, human is a full agonist at NK2 and NK3 receptor. Hemokinin 1, human can produces an opioid-independent analgesia[1][2].

Hemokinin 1 (HK1) is an endogenous agonist for all tachykinin receptors. However, it is highly selective for the NK1 (neurokinin 1) receptor. HK1 and substance-P compete with each other for binding to NK1. HK1 is involved in the B-cell as well as T-cell development.', 'NK1 tachykinin receptor agonist.

NK1; NK2; NK3

HK1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain fused to a 20 amino acids His tag at the N-terminal encoding the sequence of 937 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 104.6 kDa. HXK1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Escherichia Coli

Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, thus committing glucose to the glycolytic pathway. Hexokinase1 encodes a ubiquitous form of hexokinase which localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency. Alternative splicing of HXK1 results in five transcript variants which encode different isoforms, some of which are tissue-specific. Each isoform has a distinct N-terminus; the remainder of the protein is identical among all the isoforms. A sixth transcript variant has been described, but due to the presence of several stop codons, it is not thought to encode a protein.

[1] Cai-Yun Fu, et al. Hemokinin-1(4-11)-induced analgesia selectively up-regulates δ-opioid receptor expression in mice. PLoS One DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0090446

[2] Francesca Bellucci, et al. Pharmacological profile of the novel mammalian tachykinin, hemokinin 1. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;135(1):266-74. DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704443
[3] YIXIN ZHANG . Human hemokinin-1 promotes migration of melanoma cells and increases MMP-2 and MT1-MMP expression by activating tumor cell NK1 receptors[J]. Peptides, 2016, 83: Pages 8-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.07.004

[4] HONGJIN SONG. Hemokinins modulate endothelium function and promote angiogenesis through neurokinin-1 receptor[J]. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 2012, 44 9: Pages 1410-1421. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.04.014

[5] LIYING DAI. Hemokinin-1 stimulates prostaglandin E₂ production in human colon through activation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase.[J]. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2012, 340 1: 27-36. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.186155

[6] CAI Y. FU . In vivo characterization of the effects of human hemokinin-1 and human hemokinin-1(4-11), mammalian tachykinin peptides, on the modulation of pain in mice[J]. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2008, 22 6: Pages 850-860. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.010

[7] ZI-QING KONG . Cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of human hemokinin-1 and its truncated form hemokinin-1(4-11) in anesthetized rats[J]. European journal of pharmacology, 2008, 590 1: Pages 310-316. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.049