1. Ligand used in the enantioselective, rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of substituted olefins, such as N-acetyldihydroamino acids, enamides, and unsaturated acids.
2. Ligand used in the enantioselective, iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution of allyl acetates containing only a single substituent in the 1 or 3 position.
3. Ligand use in the rhodium-catalyzed, amide directed, asymmetric hydroboration reaction.
4. Ligand used in asymmetric conjugate addition of aryl boronic acids to dihydronitronaphthalenes.
5. Ligand used in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular 1,4 addition.