RESIQUIMOD

Resiquimod (CAS 144875-48-9) is a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist.1 May be used as an immune adjuvant in cancer vaccines.2 Resiquimod-carrying synthetic vaccine particles augment the immune response to encapsulated antigen and exhibit strong local immune activation without inducing systemic cytokine release.3 Topical treatment of wild-type mice induces systemic autoimmune disease which may be used as a model of systemic Lupus erythematosus.4 It displayed potent antiviral activity (EC50 = 23.5 nM) in a murine norovirus replicon model.5

Resiquimod is an imidazoquinoline derivative that acts as an immune response modifier. Resiquimod shows antitumor and antiviral activity and is used in the treatment of skin lesions such as herpes simplex virus. Resiquimod is a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR7) agonist.

Resiquimod has been used in the stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) stimulation( and B cells. It has also been used as a ligand for toll-like receptors (TLR7) in malignant melanoma cell line B16F10.

ChEBI: Resiquimod is an imidazoquinoline.

Resiquimod belongs to the class of imidazoquinolinamines compounds with immunomodulatory effects. Resiquimod increases the levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-α.

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Resiquimod, an antiviral imidazoquinoline, has been shown to activate Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR8 via the MyD88-dependent interleukin 1 receptor-TLR signaling pathway. Triggering of the TLR pathway leads to the activation of NF-κB and subsequent regulation of immune and inflammatory genes. Similar to CD40, treatment with Resiquimod activates B cells and can induce nuclear translocation of NF-κB at a concentration of 1 μg/ml.

[1] MARION JURK. Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848[J]. Nature Immunology, 2002, 3 6: 499-499. DOI:10.1038/ni0602-499
[2] RACHEL LUBONG SABADO. Resiquimod as an immunologic adjuvant for NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination in patients with high-risk melanoma.[J]. Cancer immunology research, 2015, 3 3: 278-287. DOI:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0202
[3] PETR O. ILYINSKII . Adjuvant-carrying synthetic vaccine particles augment the immune response to encapsulated antigen and exhibit strong local immune activation without inducing systemic cytokine release[J]. Vaccine, 2014, 32 24: Pages 2882-2895. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.027
[4] MAKI YOKOGAWA. Epicutaneous Application of Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonists Leads to Systemic Autoimmunity in Wild-Type Mice: A New Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[J]. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 2013, 66 3: 694-706. DOI:10.1002/art.38298
[5] DANIEL ENOSI TUIPULOTU. TLR7 Agonists Display Potent Antiviral Effects against Norovirus Infection via Innate Stimulation.[J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2018. DOI:10.1128/aac.02417-17