Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) (human) is an endogenous 42-amino acid peptide incretin hormone that induces insulin secretion in response to glucose.1 It belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin (Item Nos. 24990 | 24561), glucagon (Item No. 24204), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; Item No. 24460), GLP-2 (Item No. 24414), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; Item Nos. 24769 | 24770).2 GIP is a GIP receptor agonist that binds to rat recombinant GIP receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells (IC50 = 3.2 nM) and increases cAMP accumulation (EC50 = 377 pM).3 It stimulates insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 rat pancreatic β-cells when used at a concentration of 10 nM.4 GIP (1 pmol/min per 100 g) decreases blood glucose level and increases plasma insulin level in rats following glucose challenge.3 It also decreases plasma glucose level and increases insulin level in ob/ob mice following glucose challenge when administered at a dose of 25 nmol/kg.5WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

[1] LAURIE L. BAGGIO  Daniel J D. Biology of Incretins: GLP-1 and GIP[J]. Gastroenterology, 2007, 132 6: Pages 2131-2157. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.054
[2] DAVID VAUDRY. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its receptors: 20 years after the discovery.[J]. Pharmacological Reviews, 2009, 61 3: 283-357. DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001370
[3] SIMON A HINKE . Identification of a bioactive domain in the amino-terminus of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 2001, 1547 1: Pages 143-155. DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00181-9
[4] BARRY D. KERR. Characterization and biological actions of N-terminal truncated forms of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2011, 404 3: Pages 870-876. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.077
[5] FINBARR P M O’HARTE. Antagonistic effects of two novel GIP analogs, (Hyp3)GIP and (Hyp3)GIPLys16PAL, on the biological actions of GIP and longer-term effects in diabetic ob/ob mice.[J]. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, 292 6: E1674-82. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00391.2006