Doxergan,Specia,France,1964
Oxomemazine hydrochloride is a phenothiazine-based histamine H1-receptor blocker with pronounced antimuscarinic properties. Oxomemazine hydrochloride is a selective antagonist for muscarinic M1 receptor, displays about 20-fold difference in the affinity for high (Ki= 84 nM, M1 receptor) and low (Ki= 1.65 μM, M2 receptor) affinity sites[1]. Oxomemazine hydrochloride an antihistamine and anticholinergic agent used for the study of cough treatment[2].
Phenothiazine is reacted with 3-dimethylamino-2-methylpropyl chloride in the presence of sodium amide to give 3-(10-phenthiazinyl)-2-methyl-1dimethylaminopropane. 11.9 g of of this intermediate is dissolved with agitation in glacial acetic acid (120 cc). Pure sulfuric acid (d = 1.83; 0.5 cc) is added and a mixture of glacial acetic acid (10 cc) and hydrogen peroxide (8.5 cc of a solution containing 38 g of hydrogen peroxide in 100 cc) is then run in over 20 minutes. The temperature rises from 25°C to 35°C and is then kept at 60°C for 18 hours. The mixture is cooled and water (150 cc) is added and, with cooling, aqueous sodium hydroxide (d = 1.33; 220 cc). The resulting
mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 cc), the solvent is evaporated on a water bath and the residue is recrystallized from heptane (150 cc). 3(9,9-dioxy-10-phenthiazinyl)-2-methyl-1-dimethylaminopropane (78 g) is obtained, MP 115°C.
The corresponding hydrochloride prepared in ethyl acetate and recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and isopropanol melts at 250°C.
mGluR 1: 84 nM (Ki); mGluR2: 1.65 μM (Ki)
[1] S W Lee, et al.Selectivity of oxomemazine for the M1 muscarinic receptors.Arch Pharm Res. 1994 Dec;17(6):443-51. DOI:
10.1007/BF02979123[2] M S Siddegowda, et al.Oxomemazine hydro-chloride. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Aug 1;67(Pt 8):o1875. DOI:
10.1107/S1600536811025372
