GNE140 ((R)-GNE-140) is a potent lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor, with IC50s of 3 nM and 5 nM for LDHA and LDHB, respectively; (R)-GNE-140 is 18-fold more potent than S enantiomer.
GNE-140 is an active site-targeting, potent and selective lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor (LDH-A/B/C IC50 = 3/5/5 nM; LDH-A IC50 = 22 nM with mixed GNE-140 diastereomers; malate dehydrogenases MDH1/2 IC50 >10 μM; 301 kinases IC50 >1 μM) that reduces cellular lactate (IC50 = 670 nM; MIA PaCa-2) and upregulates pyruvate levels. GNE-140 affects glycolysis-dependent cancer proliferation (IC50 = 430 nM; MIA PaCa-2 & KP-2) & survival, but not oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent growth. Due to rapid clearance, GNE-140 is ineffective against MIA PaCa-2 tumor growth with only transient lactate-reducing efficacy in tumor tissue in mice in vivo (100-400 mg/kg b.i.d. p.o.).
