Arachidonic acid is used in assays to measure activity of oxidizing enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase, as well as in assays to determine platelet inhibition in whole blood. Arachidonic acid has been demonstrated to bind to the a subunit of G protein and inhibit the activity of Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), to have a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, and to enhance formation of lipid bodies in human mast cells.
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid constituent of the phospholipids of cell membranes. Structurally, it is a 20-carbon chain that contains four cis double bonds, which allow the free acid form of AA to be an insoluble oil; this can be converted to the water-soluble sodium salt form within the normal physiological pH range. Arachidonic acid is metabolized by multiple enzymes to yield various metabolites; AA and its metabolites play important roles in a variety of biological processes, including signal transduction, smooth muscle contraction, chemotaxis, cell proliferation and differentiation and apoptosis.
Released arachidonic acid (AA) reacts with molecular oxygen nonenzymatically, through oxidative stress, and enzymatically through the action of oxygenase enzymes. AA is oxidized to prostaglandins and thromboxanes by at least two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, to leukotrienes and lipoxins by lipoxygenases, and to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids via cytochrome p450-catalyzed metabolism. Cellular uptake of arachidonic acid is energy dependent and involves protein-facilitated transport across the plasma membrane.
Arachidonic acid sodium salt can be used to induce paw edema models[2].
Induction of Paw Edema Model[2]
Background
Principle: Injecting arachidonic acid into the hind paws of
rats can induce rapid and sustained inflammatory responses.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rat: Lewis male
Administration:
0.5% s.c. single dose
Note
A single subcutaneous injection of 0.10 mL of arachidonic acid (dissolved in 0.2 M carbonate buffer with a pH value of 8.43-8.56) was administered into the right hind paw of male Lewis rats weighing 144-241 grams.
Modeling Indicators
Appearance Monitoring: Significant edema became apparent within 5 minutes, and the reaction reached its peak at 1 hour after injection.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): phenidone (HY-W010144); SK&F86002 (HY-12511)
| Animal Model: | Male Lew rats (4-week-old) induced arthritis[1] |
| Dosage: | 0.07%, 0.15% or 0.32% in diet (w/w) |
| Administration: | 4 weeks |
| Result: | The Arachidonic acid content of phospholipids in the paw was significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner. |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
