White crystalline powder, easily soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol, derived from Leptochloa chinensis, Senecio chinensis, and Macaranga tanarius.
Euphorbiasteroid, Euphorbia Factor L1 (EFL1) to be specific, with a tricyclic terpenoid skeleton, consisting of fused five-, eleven- and three-membered rings, is a diterpenoid isolated from the seeds of Euhporbia lathyris L. It is reported EFL1 could be helpful to reduces the expression of Bcl-2, PI3K, AKT and mTOR protein and mRNA, upregulates cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels, but shows no effect on pro-caspase-9 and pro-caspase-3. EFL1 also could induce apoptosis, and possess anticancer, antiadipogenesis, antiosteoclastogenesis and multi-drug resistance-modulating effect.
Euphorbiasteroid showed effects on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Euphorbiasteroid also has the potential to reverse P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) by using the drug-sensitive human sarcoma cell line MES-SA and its MDR counterpart MES-SA/Dx5.EFL1 inhibited osteoclastogenesis and induced osteoclast apoptosis. Euphorbiasteroid suppressed osteoclast formation and bone resorption at both initial and terminal differentiation stages.
