Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-α production in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC50 = 85 μM) and suppressing LPS-induced leukopenia in mice. Pentoxifylline weakly inhibits the generation of phosphatidic acid (IC50 = 500 μM) from LPS-activated lysophosphatidic acyl transferase (LPAAT), and weakly antagonizes A1 and A2 adenosine receptors. It also inhibits human acidic mammalian chitinase, human chitotriosidase, and chitinase B1 from Aspergillus fumigatus (IC50s = 49, 98, and 126 μM, respectively).
