Chemical Properties
White to Off-White Solid
Originator
Trental,Albert Roussel ,W. Germany ,1972
Definition
ChEBI: Pentoxifylline is an oxopurine.
Indications
Pentoxifylline at a dose of 400 mg three times a day after meals was reported
to alleviate the symptoms in a small open trial.
Manufacturing Process
A solution of 35.4 g of 1-bromohexanone-5 in 200 ml of ethanol was gradually mixed at the reflux temperature with vigorous stirring with 39.7 g of theobromine-sodium in 100 ml of water. After 3 hours reflux the unreacted theobromine was filtered off with suction, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness, the residue was dissolved in water and the solution was extracted with chloroform. The chloroform was distilled off and 1-(5'-oxohexyl)-3,7
Pentoxifylline dimethylxanthine was obtained as residue; after recrystallization from isopropanol, it melted at 102°C to 103°C (about 25% yield, calculated on the reacted theobromine).
Brand name
Pentoxil (Upsher Smith); Trental (Sanofi
Aventis).
Therapeutic Function
Vasodilator
Biological Activity
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks production of TNF- α and other cytokines. Displays antinociceptive activity.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Pentoxifylline?(PTX) is considered as a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It possesses rheologic properties. Pentoxifylline?is used to treat peripheral vascular disease. It has the ability to block the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha (I?Bα) in serines 32 and 36.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
In horses, pentoxifylline has been used as adjunctive therapy for cutaneous,
vasculitis, endotoxemia and for the treatment of navicular
disease.
Pentoxifylline has been used in dogs to treat immune-mediated
dermatologic conditions, enhance healing, and reduce inflammation
caused by ulcerative dermatosis in Shelties and Collies and
for other conditions where improved microcirculation may be of
benefit. It is being investigated for adjunctive therapy for dilated
cardiomyopathy in Doberman pinschers.
Pentoxifylline has been tried in conjunction with prednisolone
to decrease vasculitis associated with FIP in cats.
Pentoxifylline’s major indications for humans include symptomatic
treatment of peripheral vascular disease (e.g., intermittent claudication,
sickle cell disease, Raynaud’s, etc.) and cerebrovascular diseases
where blood flow may be impaired in the microvasculature.
