Neoandrographolide is one of the principle diterpenoids isolated from A. paniculata, a well-recognized medicinal plant in Asia. Extracts from A. paniculata have been reported to exert a wide range of therapeutic actions, including immunosuppressant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative stress, antipyretic, anti-edematogenic, and anti-nociceptive activities. Neoandrographolide has been shown to inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production in inflammatory macrophages after oral administration to mice (25 mg/kg) or by direct addition to cultured macrophages (IC50 = 35.5 μM). At 25 μM, it can reduce VEGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Neoandrographolide also inhibits the pro-protein convertase furin with an IC50 value of 53.5 μM.
