Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside that has been found in G. tunetanum and has diverse biological activities, including anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. It reduces microvessel formation by 67% in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay when used at a concentration of 2 μg/egg. Asperuloside (20, 40, and 80 mg/L) inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. It reduces lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury when administered at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. Dietary administration of asperuloside decreases body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and the ratio of WAT weight to body weight in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of metabolic syndrome.
