사이클로덱스트린

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H332：흡입하면 유해함

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P304+P340：흡입하면 신선한 공기가 있는 곳으로 옮기고 호흡하기 쉬운 자세로 안정을 취하시오.

사이클로덱스트린 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  white powder

• 출처

  A derivative of naturally occurring starch.

• 용도

  β-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion. β-Cyclodextrin is commonly used to produce HPLC columns allowing chiral enantiomers separation.

• 제조 방법

  Usually produced commercially from Bacillus macerans or B. circulans fermentation of starch or starch hydrolysate.

• 생산 방법

  Cyclodextrins are manufactured by the enzymatic degradation of starch using specialized bacteria. For example, β-cyclodextrin is produced by the action of the enzyme cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase upon starch or a starch hydrolysate. An organic solvent is used to direct the reaction that produces β-cyclodextrin, and to prevent the growth of microorganisms during the enzymatic reaction. The insoluble complex of β-cyclodextrin and organic solvent is separated from the noncyclic starch, and the organic solvent is removed in vacuo so that less than 1 ppm of solvent remains in the β-cyclodextrin. The β-cyclodextrin is then carbon treated and crystallized from water, dried, and collected.

• Essential oil composition

  In addition to carvone, the oil contains d-limonene, carveol, diacetyl furfural, methyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde and other substances. Caraway oil consists of 3.5 to 7% volatile and fatty oils; resin, sugar, tannin, mucilage.

• 일반 설명

  Beta-Cyclodextrin is the most abundant and cheap cyclic oligosaccharide that forms inclusion complexes with several drug molecules. Its main application is in tablet and capsule formulations.
  Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

• Safety

  Cyclodextrins are starch derivatives and are mainly used in oral and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. They are also used in topical and ophthalmic formulations.
  Cyclodextrins are also used in cosmetics and food products, and are generally regarded as essentially nontoxic and nonirritant materials. However, when administered parenterally, β-cyclodextrin is not metabolized but accumulates in the kidneys as insoluble cholesterol complexes, resulting in severe nephrotoxicity.
  Cyclodextrin administered orally is metabolized by microflora in the colon, forming the metabolites maltodextrin, maltose, and glucose; these are themselves further metabolized before being finally excreted as carbon dioxide and water. Although a study published in 1957 suggested that orally administered cyclodextrins were highly toxic, more recent animal toxicity studies in rats and dogs have shown this not to be the case, and cyclodextrins are now approved for use in food products and orally administered pharmaceuticals in a number of countries.
  Cyclodextrins are not irritant to the skin and eyes, or upon inhalation. There is also no evidence to suggest that cyclodextrins are mutagenic or teratogenic.
  β-Cyclodextrin
  LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.33 g/kg(16)
  LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.41 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, IP): 0.36 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, IV): 1.0 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, oral): 18.8 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, SC): 3.7 g/kg

• 저장

  Cyclodextrins should be stored in a tightly sealed container, in a cool, dry place.Cyclodextrins are stable in the solid state if protected from high humidity.

• Purification Methods

  Recrystallise β-cyclodextrin from water and dry it for 12hours in a vacuum at 110o, or 24hours in a vacuum at 70o. The purity is assessed by TLC on cellulose containing a fluorescent indicator. [Taguchi, J Am Chem Soc 108 2705 1986, Tabushi et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 4514 1986, Orstam & Ross J Phys Chem 91 2739 1987.] [Beilstein 19 IV 6287, 19/12 V 801.]

• Regulatory Status

  Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database: α-cyclodextrin (injection preparations); β-cyclodextrin (oral tablets, topical gels); γ-cyclodextrin (IV injections).
  Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients (stabilizing agent; solubilizing agent ); and in oral and rectal pharmaceutical formulations licensed in Europe, Japan, and the USA.

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