이산화 토륨

한글명:이산화 토륨

카스 번호1314-20-1

상품명:Thorium dioxide

CBNumberCB7251443

분자식O2Th

포뮬러 무게264.04

MOL 파일1314-20-1.mol

동의어(한글)

이산화토륨

토륨다이옥사이드

화학적 성질

녹는점

3050°C

끓는 점

4400°C

밀도

9,86 g/cm³

용해도

insoluble in H2O, alkaline solutions; slightly soluble in acid solutions

물리적 상태

화이트 큐빅 크리스탈

색상

white cubic crystals, crystalline

비저항

4 ∞ 10*19 (ρ/μΩ.cm)

수용성

물에 불용성, 알칼리 [MER06]

Crystal Structure

Cubic

crystal system

Cube

Merck

13,9455

Space group

Fm3m

Lattice constant

a/nm	b/nm	c/nm	α/o	β/o	γ/o	V/nm3
0.55977	0.55977	0.55977	90	90	90	0.1754

Dielectric constant

5.8（21℃）

EPA

Thorium dioxide (1314-20-1)

위험 및 안전 성명

위험품 표기	T,R
위험 카페고리 넘버	45-23/24/25-33
안전지침서	53-36/37/39-45
유엔번호(UN No.)	UN 2910 7
RTECS 번호	XO6950000
유해 물질 데이터	1314-20-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

그림문자(GHS)

그림문자(GHS)
신호 어

Danger
유해·위험 문구

H302：삼키면 유해함

H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

H317：알레르기성 피부 반응을 일으킬 수 있음

H318：눈에 심한 손상을 일으킴

H341：유전적인 결함을 일으킬 것으로 의심됨 (노출되어도 생식세포 유전독성을 일으키지 않는다는 결정적인 증거가 있는 노출경로가 있다면 노출경로 기재)
예방조치문구

P201：사용 전 취급 설명서를 확보하시오.

P202：모든 안전 조치 문구를 읽고 이해하기 전에는 취급하지 마시오.

P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

P270：이 제품을 사용할 때에는 먹거나, 마시거나 흡연하지 마시오.

P272：작업장 밖으로 오염된 의복을 반출하지 마시오.

P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

P308+P313：노출 또는 접촉이 우려되면 의학적인 조치· 조언를 구하시오.

P333+P313：피부자극성 또는 홍반이 나타나면 의학적인 조치·조언를 구하시오.

P405：밀봉하여 저장하시오.

P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

이산화 토륨 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질
Heavy white powder. Mohs hardness 6.5, very refractory. Soluble in sulfuric acid; insoluble in water.
물리적 성질
White cubic crystals; refractive index 2.200 (thorianite); density 10.0 g/cm³; hardness 6.5 Mohs; melts at 3,390°C; vaporizes at 4,400°C; insoluble in water or alkalis; soluble in acids with difficulties.
용도
Thorium was discovered in 1828, and its radioactivity was discovered in 1898. In the early 1900s, the only commercial use for thorium was in gas lamp mantles. Although demand for gas mantles declined with the advent of electric lights, mantle manufacturing still accounted for 92% of thorium’s non-fuel use as late as 1950 (Hedrick 2000). The use of thorium in the United States has decreased substantially because of concerns over its naturally occurring radioactivity (Hedrick 2002). Principal uses for thorium dioxide are in high-temperature ceramics, gas mantles, nuclear fuel, flame spraying, crucibles, medicines, nonsilica optical glass, and thoriated tungsten filaments, and as a catalyst. It has also been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) in feline medication (HSDB 2009).
Thorotrast was used as a contrast agent in medical radiology. It was used extensively as an intravascular contrast agent for cerebral and limb angiography in Europe, the United States, and Japan. It was also injected directly into the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, spleen, brain, and other sites. Thorotrast treatment led to deposition of thorium and its decay products in body tissues and organs, especially reticuloendothelial tissue and bone, which resulted in continuous lifelong alpha-particle irradiation (BEIR IV 1988). Use of Thorotrast was discontinued in the 1950s, when harmful latent effects were observed (Grampa 1971, IARC 2001).
제조 방법
Thorium dioxide is obtained as an intermediate in the production of thorium metal from monazite sand (See Thorium).
The compound also can be prepared by many other methods including thermal decomposition of thorium oxalate, hydroxide, carbonate, or nitrate. Heating thorium metal in oxygen or air, and hydrolysis of thorium halides also yield thorium dioxide.
정의
A white insoluble compound, used as a refractory, in gas mantles, and as a replacement for silica in some types of optical glass.
일반 설명
White powder. Density 9.7 g / cm3. Not soluble in water. Used in high-temperature ceramics, gas mantles, nuclear fuel, flame spraying, crucibles, non-silicia optical glass, catalysis, filaments in incandescent lamps, cathodes in electron tubes and arc-melting electrodes.
공기와 물의 반응
Insoluble in water.
반응 프로필
Has only weak oxidizing powers. Redox reactions can however still occur. Not water-reactive. Soluble in sulfuric acid.
공업 용도
Thoria, the most chemically stable oxideceramic, is only attacked by some earth alkalimetals under some conditions. It has the highestmelting point (3315°C) of the oxide ceramics.Like beryllia, it is costly. Also, it has highthermal expansion and poor thermal shockresistance.
Safety Profile
Confirmed human carcinogen producing angiosarcoma, liver and kidney tumors, lymphoma and other tumors of the blood system, and tumors at the application site. See also THORIUM.
Carcinogenicity
Thorium dioxide is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans.

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