탄산 마그네슘

탄산 마그네슘 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 순도시험

    (1) 용상 : 이 품목 1g을 염산(2→3) 10mL에 녹여 이에 물 10mL를 가할 때, 그 탁도는 약간 미탁 이하이어야 한다.

    (2) 물가용물 : 이 품목 2g에 새로 끓여서 식힌 물 100mL를 가하여 저어 섞으면서 끓이고 식힌 다음 여과하여 여액 50mL를 취하여 수욕상에서 증발건고하고 잔류물을 120℃에서 3시간 건조할 때, 그 양은 10mg 이하이어야 한다.

    (3) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    (4) 납 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (2)에 따라 시험한다(2.0ppm 이하).

    (5) 산불용물 : 이 품목 5g을 달아 물 75mL와 혼합한 다음 교반하면서 더 이상 녹지 않을 때까지 염산을 소량씩 가하여 녹인 후, 5분간 끓인다. 만약 녹지 않은 물질이 있는 경우 여과하고 염소이온이 검출되지 않을 때까지 물로 씻어 준 다음 강열할 때, 그 양은 0.05% 이하이어야 한다.

    (6) 산화칼슘 : 이 품목 0.6g을 정밀히 달아 물 35mL 및 염산(1→4) 6mL를 가하여 녹이고 다시 물 250mL 및 주석산용액(1→5) 5mL를 가하여 이 액에 트리에탄올아민용액(3→10) 10mL 및 수산화칼륨용액(1→2) 10mL를 가하여 5분간 방치한 다음 0.01M 이.디.티.에이.용액으로 적정하고(지시약 : 2-옥시-1-(2''-옥시-4''-설포-1''-나프틸아조)-3-나프토에산시약 0.1g) 산화칼슘의 함량을 구할 때, 그 양은 0.6 % 이하이다. 종말점은 액의 적자색이 청색으로 변할 때로 한다. 따로 같은 방법으로  공시험을 한다.

  0.01M 이.디.티.에이.용액 1mL ＝ 0.56mg CaO

• 확인시험

    이 품목 0.2g에 묽은염산 3mL를 천천히 가하면 거품이 일면서 녹고 이에 암모니아시액을 가하여 알칼리성으로 한 액은 확인시험법 중 마그네슘염의 반응을 나타낸다.

• 정량법

    이 품목 약 0.4g을 정밀히 달아 물 10mL 및 염산(1→4) 3.5mL를 가하여 녹인 다음 물을 가하여 500mL로 한다. 이 액 25mL를 정확히 취한 다음 물 50mL 및 암모니아․염화암모늄완충액(pH 10.7) 5mL를 가해주고 0.01M 이.디.티.에이.용액으로 적정한다(지시약 : 에리오크롬블랙T 0.1g과 염화나트륨 10g을 균일하게 될 때 까지 으깨서 혼합한 것 0.04g 사용). 따로 같은 방법으로 공시험을 하여 보정하고 소비량 a mL를 구하고 다시 순도시험 (6)에서 얻은 0.01M 이.디.티.에이.용액의 소비량을 b mL로 하여 다음 계산식에 따라 함량을 구한다.

• 개요

  Magnesium carbonate is obtained mainly by mining the natural mineral magnesite. The trihydrate salt, MgCO₃·3H₂O, is prepared by mixing solutions of magnesium and carbonate ions in the presence of carbon dioxide.

• 화학적 성질

  Magnesium carbonate occurs as light, white-colored friable masses or as a bulky, white-colored powder. It has a slightly earthy taste and is odorless but, since it has a high absorptive ability, magnesium carbonate can absorb odors.
  The USP 32 describes magnesium carbonate as either a basic hydrated magnesium carbonate or a normal hydrated magnesium carbonate. However, the PhEur describes magnesium carbonate as being a hydrated basic magnesium carbonate in two separate monographs: heavy magnesium carbonate and light magnesium carbonate. The molecular formulas for heavy magnesium carbonate and light magnesium carbonate vary, but heavy magnesium carbonate may generally be regarded as the tetrahydrate [(MgCO₃)₃·Mg(OH)₂·4H₂O], while light magnesium carbonate may be regarded as the trihydrate [(MgCO₃)₃· Mg(OH)₂·3H₂O].
  The molecular weights of the heavy and light forms of magnesium carbonate are 383.32 and 365.30, respectively.

• 물리적 성질

  This material is available in a very light, fluffy grade which absorbs well. The before-mentioned qualities are why magnesium carbonate is often used to absorb perfume before incorporation into face powders.

• 용도

  Some applications of magnesiumcarbonate are uses in flooring, fireproofing and fire-extinguishing compositions; as a filler material and smoke suppressant in plastics; as a reinforcing agent in neoprene rubber; as a drying agent and for color retention in foods; in cosmetics. Magnesium carbonate is used as an antacid in medicine and as an additive to table salt. Another important application of magnesium carbonate is as a starting material in producing a number of magnesium compounds.
  Because of its water-insoluble, hygroscopic properties, MgCO₃ was first added to salt in 1911 to make the salt flow more freely. Magnesium carbonate, most often referred to as “chalk”, is used as a drying agent for hands in gymnastics, weight lifting and rock climbing. Magnesium carbonate is also used in taxidermy for whitening skulls. It can be mixed with hydrogen peroxide to create a paste, which is then spread on the skull to give it awhite finish. Basic magnesium carbonate is used as a clay in face masks and it has mild astringent properties and helps to smooth and soften skin. It is recommended for use on normal to dry skins.

• 정의

  A whitecompound, MgCO₃, existing in anhydrousand hydrated forms. The anhydrousmaterial (trigonal; r.d.2.96) is found in the mineral magnesite.There is also a trihydrate,MgCO₃.3H₂O (rhombic; r.d. 1.85),which occurs naturally as nesquehonite,and a pentahydrate, MgCO₃.5H₂O (monoclinic; r.d. 1.73),which occurs as lansfordite. Magnesiumcarbonate also occurs in themixed salt dolomite (CaCO₃.MgCO₃)and as basic magnesium carbonatein the two minerals artinite(MgCO₃.Mg(OH)₂.3H₂O) and hydromagnesite(3MgCO₃.Mg(OH)₂.3H₂O).The anhydrous salt can be formed byheating magnesium oxide in astream of carbon dioxide:
  MgO(s) + CO₂(g) → MgCO₃(s)
  Above 350°C, the reverse reactionpredominates and the carbonate decomposes.Magnesium carbonate isused in making magnesium oxideand is a drying agent (e.g. in tablesalt). It is also used as a medicalantacid and laxative (the basic carbonateis used) and is a componentof certain inks and glasses.

• 생산 방법

  Depending upon the manufacturing process used, the composition of the magnesium carbonate obtained may vary from normal hydrated magnesium carbonate to basic hydrated magnesium carbonate.
  Light magnesium carbonate may be manufactured by saturating an aqueous suspension of dolomite, CaMg(CO₃)₂, with carbon dioxide under pressure. On increase of the temperature, calcium carbonate precipitates almost entirely. The filtered solution is then heated to boiling; the magnesium bicarbonate in the solution loses precipitates.
  Heavy magnesium carbonate may be manufactured by mixing a hot concentrated solution of magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate with a solution of sodium carbonate. The heavy magnesium carbonate may be either precipitated to produce a granular material or spray-dried. Varying the temperature of the reaction solutions produces heavy magnesium carbonate with differing physical properties: e.g. material with a higher specific surface area is produced at a lower reaction temperature. Low processing temperature provided the largest surface area, which produced optimum granules or spray-dried powder.If dilute magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate solutions are used for the reaction, a less dense material is produced.
  Magnesium carbonates in varying states of hydration are also found as minerals in nature.

• 일반 설명

  White, yellowish, grayish-white or brown crystalline solid or crystalline powder. Density: 3-3.1 g cm-3. An important ore for magnesium. Used in the manufacture of materials capable of withstanding very high temperatures. Sometimes used to produce carbon dioxide.

• 반응 프로필

  Magnesium carbonate has generally low chemical reactivity. Non-flammable and non-combustible. Reacts with acids and acidic salts to generate gaseous carbon dioxide with effervescence (bubbling). The reaction may be rapid and exothermic with concentrated solutions of acids. The efferversence can create foaming. Incompatible with formaldehyde.

• 위험도

  A nuisance particulate.

• 건강위험

  Magnesite is considered to be a nuisance dust.

• Pharmaceutical Applications

  As an excipient, magnesium carbonate is mainly used as a directly compressible tablet diluent in concentrations up to 45% w/w. Heavy magnesium carbonate produces tablets with high crushing strength, low friability, and good disintegration properties. However, magnesium carbonate can have varying effects on dissolution and stability.Magnesium carbonate has been incorporated in microsphere formulations for the purpose of stabilizing encapsulated proteins. It has also been coencapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microsphere formulations to neutralize acidity and enhance the immunogenicity of a contraceptive peptide vaccine. Magnesium carbonate is also used to absorb liquids, such as flavors, in tableting processes. Magnesium carbonate is additionally used as a food additive and therapeutically as an antacid.

• 농업용

  Hydromagnesite is a magnesium ore which occurs as a carbonate. Magnesium carbonate occurs in a mixed salt dolomite (CaCO₃.MgCO₃) and as basic magnesium carbonate in two minerals, namely, artinite (MgCO₃.Mg(OH)₂.3H₂O) and hydromagnesite (3MgCO₃.Mg(OH)₂.3H₂O).

• Safety

  Magnesium carbonate is used as an excipient in oral solid-dosage pharmaceutical formulations and is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, the use of magnesium salts, such as magnesium carbonate, is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment. In certain studies, magnesium carbonate has been shown to be an effective phosphate binder in short-term use for patients with chronic kidney disease, but the effects of long-term use require further study.The probable oral lethal dose in humans has been estimated at 0.5–5.0g/kg bodyweight. On contact with gastric acid, magnesium carbonate reacts in the stomach to form soluble magnesium chloride and carbon dioxide. Magnesium carbonate should therefore not be used as an antacid by those individuals whose stomachs cannot tolerate the evolution of carbon dioxide. Some magnesium is absorbed but is usually excreted in the urine. As with other magnesium salts, magnesium carbonate has a laxative effect and may cause diarrhea.
  Therapeutically, the usual dose of magnesium carbonate as an antacid is 250–500mg, and 2.0–5.0g as a laxative.

• 저장

  Magnesium carbonate is stable in dry air and on exposure to light. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

• 비 호환성

  Incompatible with phenobarbital sodium,diazepam solution at a pH≥5, some binary powder mixtures, lansoprazole, and formaldehyde. Acids will dissolve magnesium carbonate, with the liberation of carbon dioxide. Slight alkalinity is imparted to water. Magnesium carbonate was also found to increase the dissolution of acetazolamide formulations at a pH of 1.12; however, dissolution was retarded at a pH of 7.4.

• Regulatory Status

  GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.

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