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순도시험
(1) 융점 : 이 품목의 융점은 160～164℃이어야 한다.
(2) 용상 : 이 품목 0.1g을 70% 에탄올 5mL에 녹일 때, 그 액은 징명하여야 한다.
(3) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.
(4) 납 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 2.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.
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확인시험
(1) 이 품목 0.1g을 에탄올 10mL에 녹인 다음 염화제이철시액 3방울을 넣으면 적자색을 나타낸다.
(2) 이 품목 0.5g에 수산화나트륨시액 10mL를 넣어 흔들어 섞으면 투명하게 녹는다. 여기에 이산화탄소를 통하면 백색 결정이 생긴다. 이 결정을 취해 50% 에탄올을 용매로 하여 재결정할 때, 그 융점은 160～163℃이다.
(3) 이 품목 0.1g을 디옥산 5mL에 녹인 다음 수산화나트륨시액 1mL를 넣어 요오드‧요오드칼륨시액을 흔들어 섞으면서 요오드색이 없어지지 않을 때까지 넣은 후 온탕 중에서 5분간 가열하면 황색의 결정이 생긴다.
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정량법
이 품목 약 50mg을 정밀히 달아 0.1N 염산에 녹여 250mL로 한 다음 5mL를 취하여 0.1N 염산을 넣어 100mL로 하고 이를 시험용액으로 한다. 따로 말톨표준품을 사용하여 검체의 경우와 같이 처리하여 표준용액을 만들어 0.1N 염산을 대조액으로 하여 파장 274nm에서 시험용액의 흡광도 Au 및 표준용액의 흡광도 As를 측정하여 다음 계산식에 따라 말톨의 함량(%)을 구한다.
C : 표준용액 중 말톨의 농도(μg/mL)
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강열잔류물
이 품목의 강열잔류물은 0.2% 이하이어야 한다.
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개요
Maltol has a warm, sweet, fruity odor and a jam-like odor in
solution. It may be prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of streptomycin
salts; also from piperidine to pyromeconic acid and subsequent
methylation at the 2 position.
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화학적 성질
White, crystalline powder; characteristic caramel-butterscotch odor and suggestive of a
fruity-strawberry aroma in dilute solution. Melting
range 160–164C. Slightly soluble in water; more
soluble in alcohol and propylene glycol.
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출처
Reported found in the bark of young larch trees (Pinus larix), pine needles (Abies alba), chicory, wood tars and
oils, and roasted malt. Also reported found in wheat and rye bread, milk, butter, smoked pork, beer, cocoa, coffee, roasted barley,
filberts, peanuts, soybean, beans, tamarind, licorice, sake, malt, dried bonito, clam and cocoa liquor.
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용도
A fragrance molecule used in flavor enhancers and fragrances.
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생산 방법
Maltol is mainly isolated from naturally occurring sources such as
beechwood and other wood tars; pine needles; chicory; and the bark
of young larch trees. It may also be synthesized by the alkaline
hydrolysis of streptomycin salts or by a number of other synthetic
methods.
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제조 방법
Maltol may be produced synthetically starting from kojic acid . Alternatively,
it can be isolated from beechwood tar or from extracts of needles from the
genus Abies. Commercially available extracts fromAbies balsamea needles,
which are also used as flavor and fragrance materials, usually contain 3–8%
maltol. It is used in aroma compositions with a caramel note and as a taste intensifier
in, for example, fruit flavors (particularly in strawberry flavor compositions).
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정의
ChEBI: A natural product found in Cordyceps sinensis.
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일반 설명
White crystalline powder with a fragrant caramel-butterscotch odor. pH (5% aqueous solution) 5.3.
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공기와 물의 반응
May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light and air. Somewhat soluble in water at room temperature. Freely soluble in hot water [Merck]. Slightly soluble in cold water.
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반응 프로필
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one is weakly acidic. Reacts with bases. May react with reducing agents. Volatile with steam.
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화재위험
Flash point data on 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one are not available; however, 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one is probably combustible.
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Pharmaceutical Applications
Maltol is used in pharmaceutical formulations and food products as
a flavoring agent or flavor enhancer. In foods, it is used at
concentrations up to 30 ppm, particularly with fruit flavorings,
although it is also used to impart a freshly baked odor and flavor to
bread and cakes. When used at concentrations of 5–75 ppm, maltol
potentiates the sweetness of a food product, permitting a reduction
in sugar content of up to 15% while maintaining the same level of
sweetness. Maltol is also used at low levels in perfumery.
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Pharmacology
In mice, spontaneous motor activity was depressed by sc injection oi relatively
low doses of maltol (75 mg/kg), hexobarbitone sleeping time was prolonged by sc or oral administration
of 300 mg/kg, and convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole or strychnine were inhibited
by sc injection of toxic doses (500 mg/kg), but 1 mM concentrations of maltol had no effect on
oxygen uptake by slices of the brain cortex of the rat (Aoyagi et al. 1974).
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Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. A skin irritant. Human mutation data
reported. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
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Safety
Maltol is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and
nonirritant material. In animal feeding studies, it has been shown
to be well tolerated with no adverse toxic, reproductive, or
embryogenic effects observed in rats and dogs fed daily intakes of
up to 200mg/kg body-weight of maltol, for 2 years.The WHO
has set an acceptable daily intake for maltol at up to 1mg/kg body-weight.A case of allergic contact dermatitis, attributed to the
use of maltol in a lip ointment, has been reported.
LD50 (chicken, oral): 3.72 g/kg
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 1.41 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 0.85 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.82 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, oral): 1.62 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 1.41 g/kg
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신진 대사
Maltol is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the dog and excreted by the conjugation pathway common to phenolic compounds. Rennhard (1971) reported that 57% of an iv dose was recovered in 24 hr, 88% of the total excretion occurring in the first 6 hr and 65-70% of the dose administered being recovered as sulphate and glucuronide conjugates
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저장
Maltol solutions may be stored in glass or plastic containers. The
bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected
from light, in a cool, dry place.
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Purification Methods
It crystallises from CHCl3, toluene, aqueous 50% EtOH or H2O, and is volatile in steam. It can be readily sublimed in a vacuum. It forms a Cu2+ complex. [Beilstein 17 III/IV 5916, 18/1 V 114.]
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비 호환성
Concentrated solutions in metal containers, including some grades
of stainless steel, may discolor on storage.
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Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(oral solutions and syrups). Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
