소르빈산 칼륨

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

• 예방조치문구

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

소르빈산 칼륨 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 순도시험

    (1) 용상 : 이 품목 0.2g을 물 5mL에 녹일 때, 이 액의 색은 비색표준용액 F보다 진하여서는 아니 된다.

    (2) 유리알칼리 : 이 품목 1g을 새로 끓여서 식힌 물 20mL에 녹이고 페놀프탈레인시액 2방울을 가할 때 홍색을 나타내어도 그 색은 0.1N 황산 0.4mL를 가할 때 없어져야 한다.

    (3) 염화물 : 이 품목 1g을 물 약 30mL에 녹이고 잘 흔들어 섞으면서 묽은질산 11mL를 가하여 여과하고 물로 씻은 다음 그 씻은 액을 여액에 합쳐 이를 시험용액으로 하여 염화물시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 0.01N 염산 0.5mL에 대응하는 양 이하이어야 한다.

    (4) 황산염 : 이 품목 0.5g을 물 약 30mL에 녹이고 잘 흔들어 섞으면서 묽은염산 3mL를 가하여 여과하고 물로 씻은 다음 그 씻은 액을 여액에 합쳐 이를 시험용액으로 하여 황산염시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 0.01N 황산 0.4mL에 대응하는 양 이하이어야 한다.

    (5) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    (6) 납 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 2.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    (7) 수은 : 이 품목을 수은시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    (8) 알데히드 : 이 품목 3.0g에 물 약 450mL를 가하고 염산(1→12)을 이용하여 pH 4로 조정한 다음 다시 물을 가하여 500mL로 하고 이를 여과한 액을 시험용액으로 한다. 따로, 포름알데히드액(40%) 2.5mL에 물을 가하여 1,000mL로 하고 다시 이 액 3mL를 정확히 취한 다음 물을 가하여 500mL로 한 액을 대조액으로 한다. 시험용액 및 대조액 각 5mL에 푹신아황산시액 2.5mL씩을 가해주고 15～30분 방치할 때, 시험용액의 색은 대조액의 색보다 진하여서는 아니 된다(포름알데히드로서 0.1% 이하).

• 확인시험

    (1) 이 품목의 수용액(1→100) 1mL에 아세톤 1mL를 가하고 이에 묽은염산을 적가하여 약산성으로 한 다음 브롬시액 2방울을 가하여 흔들어 섞으면 시액의 색은 곧 없어진다.

    (2) 이 품목은 확인시험법 중 칼륨염의 반응을 나타낸다.

• 정량법

    이 품목을 건조한 다음 약 0.3g을 정밀히 달아 빙초산(비수적정용) 50mL를 가하고 0.1N 과염소산용액으로 적정한다(지시약 : α-나프톨벤제인시액 10방울). 종말점은 액의 갈색이 녹색으로 변하는 점으로 한다.

  0.1N 과염소산용액 1mL ＝ 15.02mg C6H₇O₂K

• 개요

  Potassium sorbate is a white crystalline powder. It is a potassium salt of sorbic acid.It was originally discovered in the 1850’s, and was derived from the Mountain Ash Tree. Today, potassium sorbate is synthetically created.Potassium sorbate is a good food preservatives, fully degradable, similar to fatty acids found naturally in foods. It is used to slow the growth of molds and yeasts in foods. It is commonly found in margarine, wines, cheeses, yogurts, soft drinks, and baked goods. Potassium sorbate has been used has a food preservative for many years. There have been extensive long-term tests that have confirmed its safety and it is on the Center for Science in the Public Interest list of safe additives.

• 화학적 성질

  Potassium sorbate occurs as a white crystalline powder with a faint, characteristic odor.

• 물리적 성질

  Colorless or white crystalline solid; density 1.36 g/cm³; decomposes at 270°C; soluble in water, 58 g/100 g solution; moderately soluble in alcohol.

• 용도

  Sorbic acid and its potassium salt is commonly employed as food preservative in wide range of foodstuffs, such as cheese, pickles, sauces and wines.
  Potassium sorbate is a food grade preservative generally regarded as safe (GRAS) worldwide. It is the inactive salt of sorbic acid. It readily dissolves in water where it converts to sorbic acid, its active form, at a low pH. Sorbic acid is very pH dependent. While it shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 6%), it is most active at pH 4.4 (70%). At pH 5.0 it is 37% active. As sorbic acid, it is considered to be active against mold, fair against yeast and poor against most bacteria. Sorbic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid and as such is subject to oxidation (use of an antioxidant like Mixed Tocopherols T50 is recommended). It is also sensitive to UV light and may turn yellow in solution. Gluconolactone is reported to stabilize potassium sorbate against discoloration and darkening in aqueous solutions and may be useful in stabilizing sorbic acid in the water phase of a product.

• 정의

  ChEBI: A potassium salt having sorbate as the counterion.

• 생산 방법

  Potassium sorbate is prepared from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.

• 제조 방법

  Potassium sorbate is prepared by reacting potassium hydroxide with sorbic acid, followed by evaporation and crystallization:CH₃CH=CHCH=CHCOOH + KOH →CH₃CH=CHCH=CHCOOK + H₂O.

• 일반 설명

  Sorbates have been reported to be less toxic than benzoate and have been classified as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Sorbic acid is metabolised to mainly to carbon dioxide. While the minor amounts are converted to trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA), which is excreted unchanged into the urine. Urinary ttMA is a biomarker for the occupational and environmental exposure to benzene. Ability of trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt (Sorbic acid potassium salt, Potassium sorbate) to induce chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and gene mutations in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells has been examined.Potassium sorbate is reported to be less genotoxic than the sodium salt analog.

• Pharmaceutical Applications

  Potassium sorbate is an antimicrobial preservative, with antibacterial and antifungal properties used in pharmaceuticals, foods, enteral preparations, and cosmetics. Generally, it is used at concentrations of 0.1–0.2% in oral and topical formulations, especially those containing nonionic surfactants. Potassium sorbate has been used to enhance the ocular bioavailability of timolol.
  Potassium sorbate is used in approximately twice as many pharmaceutical formulations as is sorbic acid owing to its greater solubility and stability in water. Like sorbic acid, potassium sorbate has minimal antibacterial properties in formulations above pH 6.

• Toxicology

  Potassium sorbate is a skin, eye and respiratory irritant. Although some research implies it has a long term safety record, in vitro studies have shown that it is both genotoxic and mutagenic to human blood cells. Potassium sorbate is found to be toxic to human DNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes (type of white blood cells), and hence found that it negatively affects immunity. It is often used with ascorbic acid and iron salts as they increase its effectiveness but this tends to form mutagenic compounds that damage DNA molecules.
  Potassium sorbate exhibits low toxicity with LD₅₀ (rat, oral) of 4.92 g / kg, similar to that of table salt . Typical usage rates of potassium sorbate are 0.025 % to 0.1 % (see sorbic acid), which in a 100 g serving yields intake of 25 mg to 100 mg. Acceptable daily intakes for human is 12.5 mg / kg, or 875 mg daily for an average adult (70 kg), according to FAO/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives.

• Safety

  Potassium sorbate is used as an antimicrobial preservative in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic material. However, some adverse reactions to potassium sorbate have been reported, including irritant skin reactions which may be of the allergic, hypersensitive type. There have been no reports of adverse systemic reactions following oral consumption of potassium sorbate.
  The WHO has set an estimated total acceptable daily intake for sorbic acid, calcium sorbate, potassium sorbate, and sodium sorbate expressed as sorbic acid at up to 25 mg/kg body-weight.
  (mouse, IP): 1.3 g/kg
  (rat, oral): 4.92 g/kg
  See also Sorbic Acid.

• 저장

  Potassium sorbate is more stable in aqueous solution than sorbic acid; aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
  The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 40°C.

• 비 호환성

  Some loss of antimicrobial activity occurs in the presence of nonionic surfactants and some plastics.

• Regulatory Status

  GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (nasal sprays; oral capsules, solutions, suspensions, syrups, tablets; topical creams and lotions). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

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