2-피롤리디논

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• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

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  P202：모든 안전 조치 문구를 읽고 이해하기 전에는 취급하지 마시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

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  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

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2-피롤리디논 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 용도

  2- 피 롤리 돈은 중요한 화학 원료 및 고 극성 유기 용매입니다. 그것은 널리 제약, 섬유, 화장품, 용제, 전자 청소 및 기타 산업에 사용됩니다.

• 포장, 보관 및 운송

  시원하고 바람이 잘 통하는 곳에 보관; 멀리 불 및 열에서; 조심히 다루세요; 파손이없고 누출을 피하십시오. 적절한 조건에서 3 년 동안 유효합니다.

• 화학적 성질

  2-Pyrrolidinone occurs as a colorless or slightly grayish liquid, as white or almost white crystals, or colorless crystal needles. It has a characteristic odor. miscible with water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, ethyl acetate and carbon disulfide, insoluble in petroleum ether.

• 정의

  ChEBI: 2-Pyrrolidinone is the simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It has a role as a polar solvent and a metabolite.

• 생산 방법

  The synthesis of 2-pyrrolidone was first reported in 1889 as the product of dehydration of 4-aminobutanoic acid. It is produced commercially by condensation of butyrolactone with ammonia, a method first described in 1936. Other synthetic routes include carbon monoxide insertion into allylamine, hydrolytic hydrogenation of succinonitrile, and hydrogenation of ammoniacal solutions of maleic and succinnic acids (Hort and Anderson 1978).

• 건강위험

  Exposure to 2-pyrrolidone produces irritation to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Although reported to be a skin sensitizer in animal tests, there is no indication that 2-pyrrolidone is a skin sensitizer in human exposures (Anon 1975). 2-Pyrrolidone has been reported to enhance the permeability of human skin for methanol, but reduced the permeability for octanol (Southwell et al 1983).

• Pharmaceutical Applications

  Pyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone are mainly used as solvents in veterinary injections. Pyrrolidone has been shown to be a better solubilizer than glycerin, propylene glycol, or ethanol. They have also been suggested for use in human pharmaceutical formulations as solvents in parenteral, oral, and topical applications. In topical applications, pyrrolidones appear to be effective penetration enhancers. Pyrrolidones have also been investigated for their application in controlled-release depot formulations.

• 공업 용도

  2-Pyrrolidone is used as an intermediate for synthesis of l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and various TV-methylol derivatives used as textile-finishing agents; as a solvent for various polymers, chlordane and DDT, d-sorbitol, glycerin, and sugars; and as a decolorizing agent for kerosene, fatty oils, and rosins. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and 2-pyrrolidone are utilized in petroleum refining to selectively extract aromatics from paraffinic hydrocarbons. 2-Pyrrolidone is used as a plasticizer and coalescing agent for acrylic latices and acrylic/styrene copolymers in emulsion coatings, i.e. floor waxes. A linear high molecular weight polyamide polymer of 2-pyrrolidone, nylon-4, is used as a textile fiber, injection molding compound, and film-forming polymer (Anon. 1975; Hort and Anderson 1978).

• Safety

  Pyrrolidones are mainly used in veterinary injections and have also been suggested for use in human oral, topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. In mammalian species, pyrrolidones are biotransformed to polar metabolites that are excreted via the urine. Pyrrolidone is mildly toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes; mutagenicity data have been reported.
  LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 6.5 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, oral): 6.5 g/kg

• 신진 대사

  A metabolite of 2-pyrrolidone, 4-aminobutanoic acid has been identified in animals (Lundgren et al 1980). 2-Pyrrolidone has been reported to be an endogenous constituent in the brains of mice (Callery et al 1978) and bovine (Mori et al 1975). The aliphatic polyamine putrescine has been demonstrated to be metabolized to 2-pyrrolidone in rat liver slices (Lundgren and Hankins 1978; Lundgren et al 1985) and to lesser extent by slices of spleen and lung, but not in tissue slices from kidney, brain, heart, or rear leg muscle (Lundgren and Hankins 1978). The metabolism of putrescine is catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) to 4-aminobutyraldehyde, which is subsequently oxidized to the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutanoic acid (4-aminobutyric acid, GAB A) or is cyclized to delta1-pyrroline (Seiler 1980; Lundgren et al 1980; Callery et al 1980), which is in turn oxidized to 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone (Lundgren and Fales 1980). There is evidence that 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone is further metabolized to succinimide, malimide, 2- and 3-hydroxysuccinamic acids, maleamic acid, and carbon dioxide (Bandle et al 1984). An enzyme system residing in the soluble fraction of rabbit liver catalyzes the conversion of delta'-pyrroline to ?-aminobutyric acid and its lactam, 2-pyrrolidone (Callery et al 1982). 2-Pyrrolidone has been identified as a urinary metabolite of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (Cottrell et al 1980) and the drug methadone (Kreek 1980).

• 저장

  Pyrrolidone is chemically stable and, if it is kept in unopened original containers, the shelf-life is approximately one year. Pyrrolidone should be stored in a well-closed container protected from light and oxidation, at temperatures below 20°C.

• 비 호환성

  Pyrrolidone is incompatible with oxidizing agents and strong acids.

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