에틸렌

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H220：극인화성 가스

  H280：고압가스; 가열시 폭발할 수 있음

  H336：졸음 또는 현기증을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P271：옥외 또는 환기가 잘 되는 곳에서만 취급하시오.

  P403+P233：용기는 환기가 잘 되는 곳에 단단히 밀폐하여 저장하시오.

  P405：밀봉하여 저장하시오.

  P410+P403：직사광선을 피하고 환기가 잘 되는 곳에 보관하시오.

에틸렌 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 물성

  인체 내에서 아연은 세포를 구성하고 생리적인 기능을 다루는 대표적인 무기물 중 하나이다. 임신한 여성에게 아연이 부족하게 되면 기형아나 저체중아를 낳을 수 있다. 아연이 부족할 경우 성장발육에 문제가 있게 되며, 아연을 과잉섭취하게 되어도 미네랄 불균형이 생긴다. 식물체 내에서의 아연은 식물체 내에서 발생하는 유해한 활성산소를 제거하는 효소 구성 성분으로, 망가니즈나 마그네슘 등과 같이 효소를 활성화시키는 역할을 한다.

• 개요

  Ethylene is a colorless, odorless gas that is the simplest alkene hydrocarbon. It is a natural plant hormone and is produced synthetically from natural gas and petroleum. The double bond in ethylene makes this compound highly reactive, and the volume of ethylene used in the chemical industry is greater than any other organic compound.

• 화학적 성질

  Ethylene, an alkene is a colorless gas (at room temperature). Sweet odor. Minimum detectable odor 5 260 ppm.

• 용도

  Oxyethylene welding and cutting metals; manufacture of alcohol, mustard gas, and many other organics. manufacture of ethylene oxide (for plastics), "Polythene", polystyrene and other plastics. Plant growth regulator; used commercially to accelerate the ripening of various fruits.

• 정의

  ethylene: A colourlessflammable gaseous hydrocarbon,C₂H₄; m.p. –169°C; b.p. –103.7°C. It isthe first member of the alkene seriesof hydrocarbons. It is made bycracking hydrocarbons from petroleumand is now a major raw materialfor making other organicchemicals (e.g. ethanal, ethanol,ethane-1,2-diol). It can be polymerizedto polyethene. It occurs naturallyin plants, in which it acts as agrowth substance promoting theripening of fruits.

• 생산 방법

  Ethylene is primarily obtained from the ethane and propane components of natural gas andfrom the naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil components of crude oil. It can also be synthesizedthrough the dehydration of ethanol (C₂H₅OH). The production of ethylene from hydrocarbonfeedstocks involves mixing with steam and then subjecting the hydrocarbons to thermalor catalytic cracking. Cracking is a process in which organic molecules are broken down intosmaller molecules. Thermal cracking involves the use of heat and pressure. Catalytic crackinguses various catalysts to reduce the amount of heat and pressure required in the process.Th ermal cracking of hydrocarbons to ethylene occurs between approximately 650°C and800°C (1200°F and 1500°F). After hydrocarbons are cracked, a mixture containing ethyleneand other gases such as methane, ethane, and propane is obtained. Ethylene is separated fromthese through physical processes such as fractional distillation, refrigeration, absorption, oradsorption.

• 화학 반응

  Ethylene reacts: (1) with the halogens to form substitution halides; (2) with hypochlorous and hypobromous acid to form ethylene chlorohydrin or ethylene bromohydrin, respectively; (3) with hydrogen iodide or bromide (not chloride) to form ethyl iodide or ethyl bromide; (4) with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst, e.g., finely divided nickel at 150 °C, to form ethane; (5) with concentrated sulfuric acid at 160 °C to form ethyl hydrogen sulfate; and (6) with potassium permanganate to form ethylene glycol, although glycol is preferably made from ethylene dichloride or chlorohydrin.

• 일반 설명

  A colorless gas with a sweet odor and taste. ETHYLENE is lighter than air. ETHYLENE is easily ignited and a flame can easily flash back to the source of the leak. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Can cause explosion.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Highly flammable.

• 반응 프로필

  Peroxidizable monomer may initiate exothermic polymerization of the bulk material [Bretherick 1979. p. 160]. ETHYLENE in the presence of aluminum chloride may undergo a violent reaction [J. Inst. Pet. 33:254. 1947]. Ozone and ETHYLENE react explosively [Berichte 38:3837]. ETHYLENE can polymerize at low pressure if catalyzed by titanium halides. (Sundaram, K. M, M. M. Shreehan, E. F. Olszewski. thylene. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001.)

• 위험도

  Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk; explosive limits in air 3–36% by volume. Simple asphyxiant; questionable carcinogen.

• 건강위험

  Exposure to ethylene atmosphere can causeasphyxiation. At high concentrations it is anarcotic and can cause unconsciousness.

• 화재위험

  Flammable gas; burns with a luminous flame; autoignition temperature 490°C (914°F) (NFPA 1997), 543°C (1009°F) (Merck 1996); fire-extinguishing measure: shut off the flow of gas; use a water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
  Ethylene forms explosive mixtures in air; the LEL and UEL values are 2.7% and 36% by volume of air, respectively. Its reaction with fluorine is explosively violent (△H=- 112 kcal/mol), and violent with chlorine (△H=- 36 kcal/mol). In the presence of sunlight or UV light, an ethylene– chlorine mixture will explode spontaneously. The reaction is explosive at room temperature over the oxides of mercury or silver (Mellor 1946, Suppl. 1956). Ethylene reacts vigorously with oxidizing substances. It reacts with ozone to form ethylene ozonide, H2C(O3)CH2, which is unstable and explodes on mechanical shock. Acidcatalyzed addition of hydrogen peroxide may produce ethyl hydroperoxide, which is unstable and explodes on heat or shock:.

• Materials Uses

  Installations must be designed to withstand the pressures involved and must comply with all applicable regulations. Because it is noncorrosive, any common commercially available metals may be used with ethylene.

• 응용

  테르피네올은 산업 생산을위한 최초의 합성 향료 중 하나입니다. 그것은 주로 100 년 이상 동안 비누 향료로 사용되었습니다. 그것은 다양한 비누 및 합성 세제 풍미 제형에 특히 다양한 일일 화학적 향미 제형에 널리 사용되며 복용량은 30 %에 도달 할 수 있습니다.

• Safety Profile

  Suspected carcinogen. A simple asphyxiant. High concentrations cause anesthesia. A common air contaminant. It is phytotoxic. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to flame. A flammable gas. To figh fire, stop flow of gas, use Co2, dry chemical, or fine water spray. Mixtures with aluminum chloride explode in the presence of nickel catalysts, methyl chloride, or nitromethane. Explosive reaction with bromotrichloromethane (at 120℃/51 bar), carbon tetrachloride (25-100°C/30 bar). Explosive reaction with chlorine catalyzed by sunlight or UV light or in the presence of mercury(I) oxide, mercury(Ⅱ) oxide, or silver oxide. Mixtures with chlorotrifluoroethylene polymerize explosively when exposed to 50 kV gamma rays at 308 krad/hr. Has been involved in industrial accidents. Violent polymerization is catalyzed by copper above 4OO0C/54 bar. Incompatible with AlCl3, (CC4 + benzoyl peroxide), (bromotrichloromethane + NCh), 03, CCl4, Cl2, NOx, tetrafluoroethylene trifluorohypofluorite. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

• 잠재적 노출

  Ethylene is used in production of fabricated plastics, antifreeze; making fibers; to manufacture ethylene oxide, polyethylene for plastics, alcohol, mustard gas and other organics. It is used to accelerate ripening of fruit; as an anesthetic; and for oxyethylene welding and cutting of metals

• Carcinogenicity

  A case-control study of brain cancer among Texas petrochemical workers reported increased risks associated with exposure to multiple chemicals, including ethene. The findings were not statistically significant. The risks for ethene have not been shown to increase with increasing duration of employment. The observed increases could not be attributed to specific chemical exposures.

• 환경귀착

  Emitted ethene is distributed primarily into the atmosphere and reacts with photochemically reactive hydroxyl radicals, ozone, and nitrate radicals, with half-lives ranging from 1.9, 6.5, and 190 days, respectively. Biodegradation in water occurs with half-lives in the range of 1–28 days, or under anaerobic conditions, 3–112 days. Bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is not expected to occur, based on ethene’s high vapor pressure and log octanol/water partition coefficient.

• 저장

  Ethylene is stored in a cool, well-ventilatedarea isolated from oxygen, chlorine, andflammable and oxidizing substances. It isprotected against lightning, statical electricity,heat, and physical damage. It is shippedin steel pressure cylinders and tank barges.

• 운송 방법

  UN1962 Ethylene, Hazard Class: 2.1; Labels: 2.1-Flammable gas; UN1038 Ethylene, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid), Hazard Class: 2.1; Labels: 2.1- Flammable gas. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.

• Purification Methods

  Purify ethylene by passage through a series of towers containing molecular sieves or anhydrous CaSO4 or a cuprous ammonia solution, then conc H2SO4, followed by KOH pellets. Alternatively, it has been condensed in liquid nitrogen, with melting, freezing and pumping to remove air before passage through an activated charcoal trap, followed by a further condensation in liquid air. A sputtered sodium trap was used to remove oxygen. [Beilstein 1 IV 677.]

• 비 호환성

  A highly flammable gas at room temperature. Contact with oxidizers may cause explosive polymerization and fire. May be spontaneously explosive in sunlight or ultraviolet light when mixed with chlorine. Reacts violently with mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and benzoyl peroxide; bromotrichloromethane; aluminum chloride and ozone. Incompatible with acids, halogens, nitrogen oxides; hydrogen bromide; aluminum chloride; chlorine dioxide; nitrogen dioxide. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.

• 폐기물 처리

  Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier

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