스티렌 모노머

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H226：인화성 액체 및 증기

  H304：삼켜서 기도로 유입되면 치명적일 수 있음

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H332：흡입하면 유해함

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

  H361：태아 또는 생식능력에 손상을 일으킬 것으로 의심됨

  H372：장기간 또는 반복 노출되면 장기(또는, 영향을 받은 알려진 모든 장기를 명시)에 손상을 일으킴

  H412：장기적 영향에 의해 수생생물에 유해함

• 예방조치문구

  P210：열·스파크·화염·고열로부터 멀리하시오 - 금연 하시오.

  P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

  P301+P310：삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P303+P361+P353：피부(또는 머리카락)에 묻으면 오염된 모든 의복은 벗거나 제거하시오 피부를 물로 씻으시오/샤워하시오.

  P331：토하게 하지 마시오.

스티렌 모노머 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  화학명은 비닐벤젠으로 일명 스티롤이라고도 한다. 무색의 액체이며 비중은 0.9로 물보다 낮고 비등점은 섭씨 1백45.1도, 인화점은 섭씨 32도이다. 유화제품을 크게 지방족탄화수소와 방향족탄화수소로 나누면 후자에 속하며 방향족의 벤젠계, 톨루엔계 크실렌계, 중벤젠계에 속하는 중간원료다.

• 용도

  폴리스틸렌, ABS, SBR 제조용으로 사용

• 개요

  Styrene has a characteristic, sweet, balsamic, almost floral odor that is extremely penetrating. Styrene occurs naturally in plants. It was first isolated from a resin called storax obtained from the inner bark of the Oriental sweet gum tree (Liquidambar orientalis) by Bonastre. In 1839, the German apothecary Eduard Simon prepared styrene by distilling it from storax and called it styrol. Simon observed it solidifi ed into a rubbery substance after being stored and believed it had oxidized into styrol oxide. Subsequent analysis showed the solid did not contain oxygen and it was renamed metastyrol. This was the first written record of polymerization in chemistry. In 1845, the English chemist, John Blyth, and the German chemist, August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818 1892), observed that styrene was converted to polystyrene by sunlight and that styrene could be polymerized to polystyrene by heating in the absence of oxygen. It took another 70 years for the polymerization of styrene to be described by Hermann Staudinger (1881 1965) in the 1920s. This laid the foundation for the commercial polystyrene industry that developed in the 1930s.

• 용도

  메트포르민은 다낭성 난소 증후군치료에도 사용되며 다른 적응증도 연구중이다. 메트포르민은 간에서 포도당의 생성을 억제한다.

• 화학적 성질

  Styrene is a colorless or yellow, sweet odor liquid with a penetrating odor. It is produced during alkylation of benzene with ethylene. It is highly reactive and polymerizes rapidly with a violent explosive reaction. This demands proper handling, transportation, and storage by adding polymerization inhibitors in adequate quantities during these operations. Styrene monomer has been extensively used in the manufacture of chemical intermediates, fi lling components, plastics, resins, and stabilizing agents.

• 물리적 성질

  Clear, colorless, watery liquid with a penetrating or pungent rubber-like odor. Becomes yellow to yellowish-brown on exposure to air. Experimentally determined odor threshold concentrations in air for inhibited and unhibited styrene were 0.1 and 0.047 ppm_v, respectively (Leonardos et al., 1969). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 220–640 μg/m³ (52–150 ppb_v) and 64 μg/m³ (15 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). At 40 °C, the average odor threshold concentration and the lowest concentration at which an odor was detected were 65 and 37 μg/L, respectively. At 25 °C, the lowest concentration at which a taste was detected was 94 μg/L, respectively (Young et al., 1996). The average least detectable odor threshold concentrations in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C were 3.6 and 120 μg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982).

• 출처

  Reported found in cranberry and bilberry, currants, grape, parsley, milk and dairy products, whiskey, cocoa, coffee, tea, roasted filberts and roasted peanuts. Also reported found in fresh apple, guava fruit, pineapple, vinegar, butter, fish oil, black tea, roasted filbert, roasted peanut, soybean, plum brandy, apple brandy, Brazil nut, rice bran, Bourbon vanilla, grapes, peach, strawberry, onion, peas, bell pepper, cassia leaf, cheeses, parsley, milk, boiled and scrambled egg, lean fish, fish oil, cooked chicken and beef, rum, malt and Scotch whiskey, cider, grape, wine, cocoa, coffee, honey, cloudberry, plum, rose apple, beans, trassi, walnut, buckwheat, soursop, watercress, kiwifruit, wild rice, sapodilla fruit, nectarine, okra, crab, crayfish and pawpaw.

• 용도

  Styrene (monomer) is a viscous, highly flammable liquid that evaporates easily and polymerizes readily to polystyrene unless a stabilizer is added. Styrene is used in multiple industries, especially in reinforced plastics (e.g., fiberglass boats), and is widely used to make plastics and rubber, packaging materials (e.g., packing peanuts ), insulation for buildings, plastic pipes, food containers (e.g., takeout containers), and carpet backing) (ATSDR, 2010).

• 정의

  ChEBI: A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.

• 제조 방법

  Prepared from ethylbenzene or from phenylethanol.

• 생산 방법

  Styrene is made by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene at high temperature using metal catalysts: C₆H₅CH₂CH₂(g)→ C₆H₅CH = CH₂(g) + H_2(g). This is called the EB/SM (ethylbenzene/styrene monomer) process. Styrene can also be made by PO/SM (propylene oxide/styrene monomer) process). This process starts by oxidizing ethylbenzene (C6H5CH2CH2) to its hydroperoxide (C6H₅CH(OOH)CH₃), which is then used to oxidize propylene (CH₃CH = CH₂) to produce propylene oxide (CH₃CH₂CHO) and phenylethanol (C₆H₅CH(OH)CH₃). The phenylethanol is then dehydrated to give styrene and water. Styrene can also be synthesized by reacting benzene and ethylene or natural gas.

• 일반 설명

  A clear colorless to dark liquid with an aromatic odor. Flash point 90°F. Density 7.6 lb/gal. Vapors heavier than air and irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Subject to polymerization. If the polymerization takes place inside a closed container, the container may rupture violently. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Used to make plastics, paints, and synthetic rubber.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

• 반응 프로필

  STYRENE MONOMER is a colorless, oily liquid, moderately toxic, flammable. A storage hazard above 32°C, involved in several industrial explosions caused by violent, exothermic polymerization [Bond, J., Loss Prev. Bull., 1985, (065), p. 25]. Polymerization becomes self-sustaining above 95°C [MCA SD-37, 1971]. Presence of an inhibitor lessens but does not eliminate the possibility of unwanted polymerization. Violent polymerization leading to explosion may be initiated by peroxides (e.g., di-tert-butyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide), butyllithium, azoisobutyronitrile. Reacts violently with strong acids (sulfuric acid, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid), strong oxidizing agents [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1185]. Reacts with oxygen above 40°C to form explosive peroxide [Barnes, C. E. et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, p. 210]. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick 1979 p.151-154, 164]. Mixing styrene in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, and sulfuric acid [NFPA 1991].

• 위험도

  Flammable, moderate fire risk, explosive limits in air 1.1–6.1%, must be inhibited during storage. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Central nervous system impairment, upper respiratory tract irritant, and peripheral neuropathy. Possible carcinogen.

• 건강위험

  Like all other aromatic hydrocarbons, styreneis an irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes and is narcotic at high concentrations.Exposure to its vapors may cause drowsiness,nausea, headache, fatigues, and dizziness inhumans (Hamilton and Hardy 1974). Inhalation of 10,000 ppm for 30–60 minutes maybe fatal to humans.
  Absorption of styrene by inhalation isthe major path of absorption into the body.Skin absorption of the liquid is also significant. According to an estimate, contactwith styrene-saturated water for an hour orbrief contact with the liquid may result inabsorption equivalent to 8 hours of inhalationof 12 ppm (Dutkiewicz and Tyras 1968). Itmay accumulate in the body due to its highsolubility in fat. This would happen whenthe metabolic pathway becomes saturated atexposure concentrations of 200 ppm (ACGIH 1986). Mandelic acid and benzoylformic acidare the major urinary metabolites. However,the excretion of mandelic acid was less whenstyrene was absorbed through the skin.
  Styrene tested positive in an EPA mutagenicity study. It tested positive in a histidine reversion–Ames test, Saccharomycescerevisiae gene conversion, in vitro humanlymphocyte micronucleus, and Drosophilamelanogaster sex-linked lethal tests (NIOSH1986). Carcinogenicity of styrene in humansis not known. There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals for both the monomerand the polymer..

• 화재위험

  Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. At elevated temperatures such as in fire conditions, polymerization may take place which may lead to container explosion.

• 화학적 특성

  그것은 가연성이며, 증기와 공기는 폭발성 혼합물을 형성 할 수 있습니다. 화재 및 고열에 노출되었을 때 쉽게 연소되고 폭발 할 수 있습니다. 연소 또는 폭발을 일으키는 산화제와의 강한 반응. 장기간 보관하면 폭발 위험이있는 과산화물이 생성 될 수 있습니다. 그 증기는 공기보다 무거 우며 더 낮은 곳에서 상대적으로 먼 곳에 확산 될 수 있습니다. 화재시 발화되어 발화합니다.

• Safety Profile

  Confirmed carcinogen. Experimental poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic experimentally by intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic to humans by inhalation. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by inhalation: eye and olfactory changes. It can cause irritation and violent itching of the eyes @200 ppm, lachrymation, and severe human eye injuries. Its toxic effects are usually transient and result in irritation and possible narcosis. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A human skin irritant. An experimental skin and eye irritant. The monomer has been involved in several industrial explosions. It is a storage hazard above 32°C. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to flame, heat, or oxidants. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Reacts with oxygen above 40°C to form a heat-sensitive explosive peroxide. Violent or explosive polymerization may be initiated by alkahmetal-graphite composites, butyllithium, dibenzoyl peroxide, other initiators (e.g., azoisobutyronitrile, di-tert-butyl peroxide). Reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, sulfuric acid, chlorine + iron(IⅡ) chloride (above 50°C). May ignite when heated with air + polymerizing polystyrene. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

• 잠재적 노출

  Styrene is used in the production of plastics and polystyrene resins. It is also used in combination with 1,3-butadiene or acrylonitrile to form copolymer elastomers, butadiene-styrene rubber; and acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene. It is also used in the manufacture of protective coatings; resins, polyesters; in making insulators and in drug manufacture.

• Carcinogenicity

  Styrene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans, sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals, and supporting data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

• 저장

  Styrene is stored in a flammable liquid storagecabinet, separated from oxidizing substances An inhibitor such as 4-tert-butylcatechol intrace amounts is added to the monomer toprevent polymerization. It is shipped in glassbottles, metal cans, drums, and tank cars.

• 운송 방법

  UN2055 Styrene monomer, stabilized, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

• Purification Methods

  Styrene is difficult to purify and keep pure. 25 1.5441. Usually it contains added inhibitors (such as a trace of hydroquinone). Wash it with aqueous NaOH to remove inhibitors (e.g. tert-butanol), then with water, dry it for several hours with MgSO4 and distil it at 25o under reduced pressure in the presence of an inhibitor (such as 0.005% p-tert-butylcatechol). It can be stored at -78o. It can also be stored and kept anhydrous with Linde type 5A molecular sieves, CaH2, CaSO4, BaO or sodium, being fractionally distilled, and distilled in a vacuum line just before use. Alternatively styrene (and its deuterated derivative) are passed through a neutral alumina column before use [Woon et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 7990 1986, Collman J Am Chem Soc 108 2588 1986]. [Beilstein 5 IV 1334.]

• 비 호환성

  Styrene May form explosive mixture with air. A storage hazard above 31C. Upon heating to 200C, styrene polymerizes to form polystyrene, a plastic. Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Store in a cool, dry area away from oxidizers, catalysts for vinyl polymers; peroxides, strong acids; aluminum chloride. May polymerize if contaminated, subjected to heat; under the influence of light; and on contact with many compounds, such as oxygen, oxidizing agents; peroxides and strong acids. Usually contains an inhibitor, such as tert-butylcatechol. Corrodes copper and copper alloys. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings.

• 폐기물 처리

  Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. In some cases, recovery and recycle of styrene monomer is economic and the technology is available.

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