염화 베릴륨

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

• 예방조치문구

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

  P332+P313：피부 자극이 생기면 의학적인 조치· 조언을 구하시오.

  P337+P313：눈에 대한 자극이 지속되면 의학적인 조치· 조언를 구하시오.

염화 베릴륨 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  Beryllium chloride is available as colorless to yellow crystals. It decomposes rapidly on contact with water producing hydrogen chloride, and attacks many metals in the presence of water. Beryllium chloride emits irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fi re.

• 물리적 성질

  Beryllium chloride has the formula BeCl2 with a molecular weight of 79.9176 g/mol. Beryllium chloride, BeCl2, melts at 405°C and boils at 520°C. That compares with 714°C and 1412°C for magnesium chloride. The solid is a one-dimensional polymer consisting of edge-shared tetrahedra. In contrast, BeF2 is a threedimensional polymer, with a structure akin to that of quartz. In the gas phase, BeCl2 exists both as a linear monomer and a bridged dimer with two bridging chlorine atoms where the beryllium atom is 3-coordinate. This linear shape contrasts with the monomeric forms of some of the dihalides of the heavier members of group 2, e.g. CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, SrCl2, BaCl2 and Ba that are all nonlinear.
  
  beryllium chloride lewis structure
  The pure chloride is a glassy, transparent mass having a specific gravity of 2.01 at 15°C. It becomes fluid toward 440°C, passing through a viscous condition, but above 800° C it begins to volatilize, yielding white and very deliquescent crystals. It dissolves readily in water, but is only slightly soluble in absolute alcohol. By cooling an alcoholic solution to 23°C, one can obtain a white crystalline mass which, however, melts easily as the temperature rises.
  Beryllium chloride, an electron-deficient compound similar to aluminum chloride, is a Lewis acid. The anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic reactions.

• 역사

  Although early workers (1798) obtained the chloride in solution, the pure salt was not made until about 1827 when one worker of the time prepared it in the sublimed anhydrous state by passing chlorine gas over a heated mixture of carbon and beryllium oxide. Finally (1885), it was prepared as the pure chloride in very pure form for the purpose of determining its vapor density by the action of dry hydrochloric acid gas on the metal, but the pure salt was not produced until 1898 when one worker made it by heating the double fluoride of ammonium and beryllium, which had previously been dried over phosphoric anhydride, in a current of dry carbon dioxide and cooled in an atmosphere of the same gas. He also prepared it by the action of hydrofluoric acid gas on the carbide. No matter what method is used, it was determined that the materials must be absolutely dry if a pure chloride is to be obtained.

• 용도

  Beryllium chloride (BeCl2) is used as a catalyst to accelerate many organic reactions, and beryllium chloride is the electrolyte used along with NaCl in the electrolytic process to produce beryllium metal.

• 제조 방법

  Beryllium chloride is prepared by passing chlorine over beryllium oxide and carbon:
  BeO + C + Cl₂ → BeCl₂ + CO
  It also is made by combination of beryllium with chlorine.

• 정의

  ChEBI: A compound of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and chloride in the ratio 1:2.

• 일반 설명

  White to green solid with a sharp odor.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Reacts with water with evolution of heat. Forms beryllium oxide and hydrochloric acid solution. Corrodes most metals in presence of moisture. Flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces [USCG, 1999].

• 반응 프로필

  Acidic salts, such as BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE reacts with vigor with sulfur nitrides. Some explode upon intimate mixing, i.e. tetrasulfur tetranitride.

• 위험도

  Very toxic.

• 건강위험

  Exposures to beryllium chloride cause redness, pain and blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Inhalation of beryllium chloride causes cough, sore throat, shortness of breath

• 화재위험

  Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating beryllium oxide fumes and hydrogen chloride may form in fires.

• Safety Profile

  Confirmed carcinogen withexperimental tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Otherexperimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported.When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumesof

• Synthesis

  Beryllium chloride can be prepared directly from beryl by chloride or by chlorination of beryllium oxide under reducing conditions. Beryllium chloride is especially well suited for purification by distillation in a stream of hydrogen and fractional condensation. The significantly lower-boiling chlorides of aluminum, silicon, and iron(III) can be separated by careful temperature control. Iron(II) chloride, which is reduced by hydrogen, stays in the residue.

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