베릴륨 산화물

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• 신호 어

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• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H317：알레르기성 피부 반응을 일으킬 수 있음

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H330：흡입하면 치명적임

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

  H372：장기간 또는 반복 노출되면 장기(또는, 영향을 받은 알려진 모든 장기를 명시)에 손상을 일으킴

• 예방조치문구

  P202：모든 안전 조치 문구를 읽고 이해하기 전에는 취급하지 마시오.

  P260：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이를 흡입하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

베릴륨 산화물 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Beryllium oxide (BeO) is formed by the ignition of beryllium metal in an oxygen atmosphere. The resulting solid is colourless and insoluble in water.

• 물리적 성질

  In the transmittance and reflectance spectra of BeO, the main peak of the reflectance is located at 730 cm^-1and the small peak is located at 1050 cm^-1.The fundamental frequency of the lattice absorption is υ₀=700±10 cm^-1, according to the reflectance analysis.

• 물리적 성질

  Beryllium oxide (BeO) is a white crystalline oxide. It occurs in nature as the mineral “Bromellite”. Historically, beryllium oxide was called glucina or glucinium oxide. It is an electrical insulator and its thermal conductivity is such that it is higher than any other nonmetal except diamond, and actually exceeds that of some metals. Its high melting point leads to its use as a refractory.
  

• 물리적 성질

  It is the only material with diamond that combines both excellent thermal shock resistance, high electrical resistivity, and high thermal conductivity, and hence is used for heat sinks in electronics. Beryllia is very soluble in water, but slowly in concentrated acids and alkalis. Highly toxic. Exhibits outstanding corrosion resistance to liquid metals Li, Na, Al, Ga, Pb, Ni, and Ir. Readily attacked by molten metals such as Be, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W. Maximum service temperature 2400°C.

• 용도

  Beryllium oxide is used in the manufacture of high-temperature refractory material and high-quality electrical porcelains, such as aircraft spark plugs and ultrahigh-frequency radar insulators. The high thermal conductivity of beryllium oxide and its good high- frequency electrical insulating properties find application in electrical and electronic fields.
  Another use of beryllium oxide is as a slurry for coating graphite crucibles to insulate the graphite and to avoid contamination of melted alloys with carbon. Beryllium oxide crucibles are used where exceptionally high-purity or reactive metals are being melted. In the field of beryllium oxide ceramics, a type of beryllia has been developed that can be formed into custom shapes for electronic and microelectronic circuits. Beryllium oxide has a high thermal conductivity, equal to that of aluminum, and excellent insulating properties, which permits closer packing of semiconductor functions in silicon integrated circuits.

• 정의

  ChEBI: A beryllium molecular entity consisting of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and oxide in the ratio 1:1. In the solid state, BeO adopts the hexagonal wurtzite structure form while in the vapour phase, it is present as discrete diatomic covalent molecules.

• 제조 방법

  Beryllium oxide can be prepared by calcining beryllium carbonate, dehydrating the hydroxide or igniting the metal with oxygen gas, as shown in the following reactions:
  BeCO₃→BeO＋CO₂
  Be(OH)₂→BeO＋H₂O
  2Be＋O₂→2BeO
  Igniting beryllium in air

• 일반 설명

  Odorless white solid. Sinks in water.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  The amount of heat generated by hydrolysis may be large.

• 반응 프로필

  BERYLLIUM OXIDE is incompatible with the following: Acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, molten lithium, magnesium .

• 위험도

  Highly toxic by inhalation. Keep container tightly closed and flush out after use.

• 건강위험

  Any dramatic, unexplained weight loss should be considered as possible first indication of beryllium disease. Other symptoms include anorexia, fatigue, weakness, malaise. Inhalation causes pneumonitis, nasopharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, dyspnea, chronic cough. Contact with dust causes conjunctival inflammation of eyes and irritation of skin.

• 화재위험

  Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic BERYLLIUM OXIDE fume may form in fire.

• 공업 용도

  A colorless to white crystalline powder of the composition beryllium oxide, also called beryllia. It has a specific gravity of 3.025, a high melting point, about 2585 C, and a Knoop hardness of 2000. It is used for polishing hard metals and for making hot-pressed ceramic parts. Its high heat resistance and thermal conductivity make it useful for crucibles, and its high dielectric strength makes it suitable for high-frequency insulators. Single-crystal beryllia fibers, or whiskers, have a tensile strength above 6800 MPa.
  Beryllium oxide is tapped for nuclear reactor service because of its refractoriness, high thermal conductivity, and ability to moderate (slow down) fast neutrons. The thermal neutrons that result are more efficient in causing fusion of uranium- 235. Nuclear industry uses for beryllia include reflectors and the matrix material for fuel elements. When mixed with suitable nuclear poisons, beryllium oxide may be a new candidate for shielding and control rod assembly applications.

• Safety Profile

  Confirmed carcinogen withexperimental tumorigenic data. Experimental teratogenicdata. Other experimental reproductive effects. Incompatible with (Mg +heat). When heated to decomposition it emits very toxicfumes of BeO.

• Structure and conformation

  The space lattice of Beryllium oxide belongs to the hexagonal system with lattice constants a=0.2698 nm and c=0.4380 nm.
  

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