クロロベンゼン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H226：引火性の液体および蒸気

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H332：吸入すると有害

  H411：長期的影響により水生生物に毒性

• 注意書き

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P233：容器を密閉しておくこと。

  P240：容器を接地すること/アースをとること。

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

クロロベンゼン 価格

クロロベンゼン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  無色澄明の液体

• 性質

  クロロベンゼンの融点は−45.2°Cで、沸点は131°Cであり、引火点は-19°Cです。

  半数致死量 (LD₅₀) は2.9g/kgであり、低〜中程度の毒性を示します。クロロベンゼンを扱う労働者の8 時間加重平均で、75ppm (350mg/m³) に許容暴露限界 (英: Permissible exposure limit) が設定されています。

• 溶解性

  エタノール及びアセトンに溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。

• 解説

  C6H5Cl(112.56)．クロロベンゼンは，ベンゼンに鉄触媒を用い，塩素を作用させれば得られる．無色の液体．融点－45.2 ℃，沸点132 ℃．d₄²⁰"1.066．n_D²⁰"1.524．エタノール，エーテルに可溶，水に不溶．アニリン，クロロニトロベンゼンなど染料中間体の原料となる．また，溶媒としての用途も多い．LD50 2910 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

• 用途

  溶剤、有機合成原料。

• 用途

  ベンゼンを塩素化したもの。化学式 C6H5Cl 無色の液体。クロロベンゼンは，ベンゼンを鉄触媒を用いて塩素ガスと反応させてつくる。フェノール、アニリン、クロルニトロベンゼンなど合成染料の中間体、殺虫剤ＤＤＴなどの製造原料、有機溶剤などとして用いられる。
  

• 用途

  着色料、脱臭剤

• 用途

  有機合成原料、溶剤。

• 用途

  染料、中間体(ピコリン酸、アニリン、フェノール、ジニトロクロロベンゼン等)、DDT製造、エチルセルロース、松脂、ペイント、ワニス、ラッカー等の溶剤、混合溶剤用、医薬品、香料

• 構造

  クロロベンゼンはハロゲン化アリール (英: Aryl halide) の一種です。分子量は112.56で、化学式はC₆H₅Clと表されます。20°Cでの密度は1.1066で、屈折率 (n_D) は1.525です。

• 合成

  1851年に初めてクロロベンゼンは、五塩化リンとフェノールの反応によって合成されました。2014年には火星の岩石中に、クロロベンゼンが含まれていると報告されています。

  現在では工業的に、鉄や塩化鉄を触媒として、塩素によるの置換反応で合成されます。塩素の置換が進むと、が生じる場合もありますが、冷却して再結晶化によって容易に分離可能です。

  実験室では、ザンドマイヤー反応 (英: Sandmeyer reaction) を用いて、アニリン (英: Aniline) から塩化ベンゼンジアゾニウム (英: Benzenediazonium chloride) を経由して合成できます。ザンドマイヤー反応とは、芳香族ジアゾニウムイオンから触媒に銅塩を使用して、ハロゲン化アリールを得る化学反応のことです。

• 化学的特性

  Chlorobenzene, also known as monochlorobenzene or MCB, is a colourless flammable liquid with an aromatic almond-like odor, Chlorination of benzene in the presence of a catalyst (FeCl3 or AICI3) yields chlorobenzene as the first product. It is insoluble in water and miscible with organic solvents. Chlorobenzene has a good solvency for fats, oils, resins, polymers, binders, rubber, and chlorinated rubber. Cellulose ethers dissolve in the presence of small amounts of alcohols; cellulose nitrate is insoluble. Chlorobenzene is a solvent in the production of bitumen and asphalt coatings for building protection.

• 物理的性質

  Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet almond, medicinal or mothball-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 210 ppbv was reported by Leonardos et al. (1969). At 40 °C, the lowest concentration at which an odor was detected was 190 μg/L. At 25 °C, the lowest concentration at which a taste was detected was 190 μg/L (Young et al., 1996). The average least detectable odor threshold concentration in water at 60 °C was 0.08 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982). Cometto-Muiz and Cain (1994) reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 10,553 ppmv. Chlorobenzene can evaporate when exposed to air. It dissolves slightly when mixed with water. It is moderately soluble in water; up to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water. Chlorobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. It persists in soil (several months), in air (3.5 days), and water (less than 1 day).

• 使用

  Chlorobenzene is a halogenated benzene that is used as a solvent for paints, as a heat transfer medium, and in the manufacture of phenol, aniline and nitrochlorobenzenes. Now chlorobenzene is mainly used as a solvent for pesticide formulations, diisocyanate manufacture, degreasing automobile parts, and for the production of nitrochlorobenzene and chemical toxicity QSAR research for agricultural pollution.

• 定義

  ChEBI: Chlorobenzene is the simplest member of the class of monochlorobenzenes, that is benzene in which a single hydrogen has been substituted by a chlorine. It has a role as a solvent.

• 製造方法

  Chlorobenzene is produced by chlorination of benzene in the presence of a catalyst, and is produced as an end product in the reductive chlorination of di- and trichlorobenzenes.

• 一般的な説明

  Chlorobenzene is a colorless to clear, yellowish liquid with a sweet almond-like odor. Flash point 84°F. Practically insoluble in water and somewhat denser than water (9.2 lb / gal). Vapors heavier than air. It can be converted to phenol by reaction with sodium hydroxide under extreme conditions (300°C and 200 atmospheres pressure). Used to make pesticides, dyes, and other chemicals.

• 空気と水の反応

  Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

• 反応プロフィール

  Chlorobenzene undergoes a sometimes explosive reaction with powdered sodium or phosphorus trichloride + sodium. May react violently with dimethyl sulfoxide. Reacts vigorously with oxidizing agents. Attacks some forms of plastic, rubber and coatings. Forms a shock sensitive solvated salt with silver perchlorate.

• 危険性

  A possible carcinogen. Avoid inhalation and skin contact. Moderate fire risk. Explosive limits 1.8–9.6%.

• 健康ハザード

  Irritating to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Repeated exposure of skin may cause dermatitis due to defatting action. Chronic inhalation of vapors or mist may result in damage to lungs, liver, and kidneys. Acute vapor exposures can cause symptoms ranging from coughing to transient anesthesia and central nervous system depression.
  Limited information is available on the acute (short-term) effects of chlorobenzene. Acute inhalation exposure of animals to chlorobenzene produced narcosis, restlessness, tremors, and muscle spasms. Chronic (long-term) exposure of humans to chlorobenzene affects the central nervous system (CNS). Signs of neurotoxicity in humans include numbness, cyanosis, hyperesthesia (increased sensation), and muscle spasms. No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of chlorobenzene in humans. EPA has classified chlorobenzene as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

• 火災危険

  Flammable liquid; flash point (closed cup) 29°C (84°F); vapor pressure 8.8 torr at 20°C (68°F); autoignition temperature 638°C (1180°F). When heated to decomposition this compound emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride gas, CO and CO2.
  Chlorobenzene vapors form explosive mixtures with air within the range 1.3-7.1% by volume in air. It is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and dimethyl sulfoxide. Dimethyl sulfoxide decom poses violently in contact with chloroben zene (NFPA 1997). Many metal perchlorates, such as those of silver and mercury, may form shock-sensitive solvated perchlorates that may explode on impact.

• 使用用途

  クロロベンゼンは、有機化合物、医薬中間体、染料中間体などの原料に使用されています。求電子置換反応での反応性がベンゼンより高いため、多くの化合物の原料として有用です。

  クロロベンゼンは、かつて有機塩素系の殺虫剤であるDTT (ジクロロジフェニルトリクロロエタン) の原料として、大量に使用されていました。日本でもシラミなどに対する防疫として積極的に使われていましたが、現在ではDTTは環境汚染物質として使用禁止になっています。

• 安全性プロファイル

  Suspected carcinogen. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Strong narcotic with slight irritant qualities. Dichlorobenzols are strongly narcotic. Little is known of the effects of repeated exposures at lower concentrations, but it may cause hdney and liver damage. The industrial illnesses reported may possibly be due to nitrobenzol. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Potentially explosive reaction with powdered sodium or phosphorus trichloride + sodtum. Violent reaction with AgClO4. Reacts vigorously with oxidizers. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical, water to blanket fire. Associated with EPA Superfund sites

• 職業ばく露

  Chlorobenzene is used in the manufacture of aniline, phenol, and chloronitrobenzene; as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyestuffs and many pesticides, as a solvent; and emulsifier.

• 概要

  クロロベンゼンとは、ベンゼン環の1つの水素がに置換した芳香族ハロゲン化物です。

  かつてはクロロベンゾール (英: Chlorobenzol) と呼ばれ、今でもその名が使用される場合もあります。通常クロロベンゼンは、一置換体のモノクロロベンゼンのことを指します。

  クロロベンゼンは無色の液体で、多くの有機化合物の原料中間体として、多種多様な用途で使用されています。主にジフェニルエーテルやクロロニトロベンゼンの原料に利用できます。消防法で第四類第二石油類に分類されている危険物です。

• 発がん性

  Chlorobenzene was not mutagenic in a variety of bacterial and yeast assays. Existing data suggest that genotoxicity may not be an area of concern for chlorobenzene exposure in humans.

• 環境運命予測

  Chlorobenzene's production and use as a chemical intermediate, solvent, and heat transfer medium may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, chlorobenzene will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals will ultimately degrade vapor-phase chlorobenzene in less than 24h.
  Biological. In activated sludge, 31.5% of the applied chlorobenzene mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 d (Freitag et al., 1985). A mixed culture of soil bacteria or a Pseudomonas sp. transformed chlorobenzene to chlorophenol (Ballschiter and Scholz, 1980). Pure microbial cultures isolated from soil hydroxylated chlorobenzene to 2- and 4-chlorophenol (Smith and Rosazza, 1974). Chlorobenzene was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum. At a concentration of 5 mg/L, biodegradation yields at the end of 1 and 2 wk were 89 and 100%, respectively. At a concentration of 10 mg/L, significant degradation with gradual adaptation was observed.Complete degradation was not observed until after the 3rd week of incubation (Tabak et al.,1981).
  https://www.epa.gov

• 輸送方法

  UN1134 Chlorobenzene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

• 合成方法

  ベンゼンを鉄粉，塩化鉄（Ⅲ），ヨウ素あるいは塩化アルミニウムなどの触媒存在下で塩素を作用させて得る。

• 純化方法

  The main impurities are likely to be chlorinated impurities originally present in the *benzene used in the synthesis of chlorobenzene, and also unchlorinated hydrocarbons. A common purification procedure is to wash it several times with conc H2SO4 then with aqueous NaHCO3 or Na2CO3, and water, followed by drying with CaCl2, K2CO3 or CaSO4, then with P2O5, and distilling. It can also be dried with Linde 4A molecular sieve. Passage through, and storage over, activated alumina has been used to obtain low conductance material. [Flaherty & Stern J Am Chem Soc 80 1034 1958, Beilstein 5 H 199, 5 IV 640.]

• 不和合性

  Reacts violently with strong oxidizers; dimethyl sulfoxide; sodium powder; silver perchlorate; causing fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Decomposes on heating, producing phosgene and hydrogen chloride fumes.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel; care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene; an acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

クロロベンゼン 上流と下流の製品情報

クロロベンゼン 生産企業

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クロロベンゼン スペクトルデータ(¹HNMR、¹³CNMR、IR1、IR2、MS、Raman)

108-90-7, クロロベンゼン キーワード