パロモマイシン

パロモマイシン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  パロモマイシンⅠ，アミノシジン，チゴマイシンともいう．種々のStreptomyces属菌が産生するアミノグリコシド系抗生物質．培養液より陽イオン交換膜樹脂Amberlite IRC-50に吸着させ，0.5 mol 塩酸で溶出すると得られる．カナマイシンAと同様の機作でグラム陽性菌，陰性菌を阻止する．白色の結晶．[α]²⁵_D＋65°(水)．水，メタノールに可溶．細菌性赤痢治療剤，また動物用抗生物質として細菌感染症治療に使用される．LD50 156 mg/kg(ラット，静注)， ＞ 1625 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．

• 効能

  抗生物質, 抗アメーバ薬, タンパク質合成阻害薬

• 説明

  Paromomycin is recommended for treatment of acute and chronic forms of intestinal amobiasis, as well as for treating intestinal bacteria Salmonella and Shigella. Synonyms of this drug are aminosidine, catenulin, crestomycin, hydroxymycin, monomycin, zygomycyn, and others.

• 適応症

  The antibacterial activity and indications for using paromomycin are analogous to those of neomycin. In addition, it is recommended for treating severe and chronic forms of gastric amebiasis. Synonyms of this drug are aminosidine, catenulin, crestomycin, hydroxymycin, monomycin, zygomycyn, and others.

• 世界保健機関（WHO）

  Paromomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic was introduced into medicine in 1959 for the treatment of protozoal, helminthic and bacterial infections. It has been associated, particularly when used by parenteral route, with severe adverse effects including renal damage, neuromuscular blockage and ototoxicity, possibly leading to deafness in some patients. This route of administration is now considered obsolete. However, parenteral dosage forms of paromomycin may still remain available in certain countries.

• 抗菌性

  A fermentation product of Streptomyces rimosus var. paromomycinus, supplied as the sulfate. The commercial product is a mixture of the two isomeric paromomycins I and II, which are closely related to neomycin.
  The antibacterial activity is almost identical to that of neomycin. Since it differs from neomycin in having a hydroxyl rather than an amino group at the 6′-position it is not sensitive to AAC(6′) modifying enzymes. It is active against M. tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant strains, and the M. avium complex.
  Unlike other aminoglycosides, paromomycin is active against some protozoa, including Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Leishmania spp., Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. It also exhibits activity against the tapeworms Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Diphyllobothrium latum and Hymenolepis nana.
  It closely resembles neomycin in pharmacokinetic behavior and liability to produce deafness and intestinal malabsorption.

• 臨床応用

  Intestinal amebiasis (oral)
  Cutaneous leishmaniasis (topical) and visceral leishmaniasis (intramuscular)
  Nitroimidazole-resistant trichomoniasis (topical)
  Its antiprotozoal activity has attracted some attention, but it has largely been superseded by more active and less toxic compounds. Success in treating nitroimidazole-resistant trichomoniasis with topical paromomycin has been reported. Trials in India and East Africa of parenteral paromomycin alone, or in combination with sodium stibogluconate, for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis have shown promising results.

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7542-37-2, パロモマイシン キーワード