クロルヘキシジン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H318：重篤な眼の損傷

  H410：長期的影響により水生生物に非常に強い毒性

• 注意書き

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P391：漏出物を回収すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

クロルヘキシジン 価格

MSDS Information

• Hexamethylenebis(5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide)

クロルヘキシジン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  白色〜ほとんど白色, 結晶性粉末〜粉末

• 定義

  本品は、次の化学式で表される芳香族化合物である。

• 溶解性

  N ,N -ジメチルホルムアミドに溶け、水、エタノール及びアセトンにほとんど溶けない。

• 無機性値/有機性値

  670/520

• 用途

  防腐剤、消毒薬

• 化粧品の成分用途

  防腐剤、口腔ケア剤、殺菌剤

• 効能

  殺菌消毒薬, 細胞膜機能阻害薬

• 説明

  Chlorhexidine is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family. Its mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane. It is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria. It has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action.
  Chlorhexidine's antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells. After chlorhexidine is absorpted onto the organism's cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.
  Aqueous solutions of chlorhexidine are most stable within the pH range of 5-8. Above pH 8.0 chlorhexidine base is precipitated and in more acid conditions there is gradual deterioration of activity because the compound is less stable. Chlorhexidine is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs. It has a LD-50 orally in mice as a diacetate at 2gm./kg. In digluconate form the LD-50 is 1800 gm./kg.

• 化学的特性

  Chlorhexidine occurs as an odorless, bitter tasting, white crystalline powder.

• 使用

  Chlorhexidine is an antibacterial used for numerous applications. It is a cationic polybiguanide (bisbiguanide) used primarily as its salts, dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate. Chlorhexidine is one of those drugs which are enlisted/included in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important drugs needed in a basic health system.
  1. Chlorhexidine is used as a germicidal compound in teat dips. Also used as navel treatment, udder and eye wash, surgical scrub and sterilization material.
  2. Chlorhexidine is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs. it is used as an antibacterial agent in humans to control gingivitis and over all plaque control in preventative dentistry.
  3. Hydrogenolysis of benzyl-nitrogen bonds.
  4. Bacteriostatic;Detergent.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.

• 調製方法

  Chlorhexidine may be prepared either by condensation of polymethylene bisdicyandiamide with 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride or by condensation of 4-chlorophenyl dicyandiamine with hexamethylenediamine dihydrochloride. Chlorhexidine may also be synthesized from a series of biguanides.

• 主な応用

  Chlorhexidine is an important medical, dental and pharmaceutical antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative. It is bactericida and fungicidalsy but does not kill bacterial spores or mycobacteria, although it inhibits growth. It has a low order of activity against viruses, but high concentrations are effective in killing cysts of Acanthamoeba spp., organisms of potential clinical significance to the wearers of contact lenses. Properties Chlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide which is available as the acetate (diacetate), hydrochloride and gluconate salts. These are stable in solution and can be autoclaved although small amounts of chloroaniline are released.” As a cationic agent, chlorhexidine is incompatible with anionic surfactants and its antimicrobial activity is reduced in the presence of non-ionic surface-active agents. Activity is also reduced or abolished by phospholipids (a factor of significance in neutralizing chlorhexidine activity during the performance of biocidal tests) and by organic matter including serum. Some of these aspects have been well documented in the recent comprehensive paper of Nicoletti et al.” They also point out that the efficacy of chlorhexidine is influenced by formulation components and by the composition of the culture medium in which minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined.

• 適応症

  This topical antiseptic product acts rapidly but, like hexachlorophene, persists on the skin to give a cumulative, continuing antibacterial effect. Like iodophors and alcohol, it is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, as well as common yeasts and fungi. It does not lose effectiveness in the presence of whole blood. Many consider it the antiseptic of choice for skin cleansing and surgical scrubs. Contact allergy is not uncommon. Chlorhexidine should not be used near the eyes or mucosal surfaces, because it may cause irritation or even anaphylaxis.

• 一般的な説明

  Effect of the chlorhexidine:hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound on in vitro slabs of bovine dentine has been investigated.

• 応用例（製薬）

  Chlorhexidine salts are widely used in pharmaceutical formulations in Europe and Japan for their antimicrobial properties. Although mainly used as disinfectants, chlorhexidine salts are also used as antimicrobial preservatives.
  As excipients, chlorhexidine salts are mainly used for the preservation of eye-drops at a concentration of 0.01% w/v; generally the acetate or gluconate salt is used for this purpose. Solutions containing 0.002–0.006% w/v chlorhexidine gluconate have also been used for the disinfection of hydrophilic contact lenses.
  For skin disinfection, chlorhexidine has been formulated as a 0.5% w/v solution in 70% v/v ethanol and, in conjunction with detergents, as a 4% w/v surgical scrub. Chlorhexidine salts may also be used in topical antiseptic creams, mouthwashes, dental gels, and in urology for catheter sterilization and bladder irrigation.
  Chlorhexidine salts have additionally been used as constituents of medicated dressings, dusting powders, sprays, and creams.

• 臨床応用

  Chlorhexidine is a biguanide topical antiseptic and disinfectant with broad antimicrobial efficacy. It is increasingly being used as an aseptic but it is also gaining use as a biocidal ingredient in shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, sunscreens, toothpastes, mouthwashes (Corsodyl), wet wipes (also for babies), eye creams, antiwrinkle creams, moisturizers, contact lens solutions, and instillation gels for urinary catheters.Urticaria following application to intact skin or mucosae, in some cases accompanied by dyspnea, angioedema, syncope, or anaphylaxis has been described via the mucosal route at much lower concentration than elsewhere, generally as low as 0.05%.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Poison by intraperitoneal andintravenous routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion.Experimental reproductive effects. A human skin irritant.Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition itemits very toxic fumes of Cl- and NOx.

• 不和合性

  Chlorhexidine salts are cationic in solution and are therefore incompatible with soaps and other anionic materials. Chlorhexidine salts are compatible with most cationic and nonionic surfactants, but in high concentrations of surfactant chlorhexidine activity can be substantially reduced owing to micellar binding.
  Chlorhexidine salts of low aqueous solubility are formed and may precipitate from chlorhexidine solutions of concentration greater than 0.05% w/v, when in the presence of inorganic acids, certain organic acids, and salts (e.g. benzoates, bicarbonates, borates, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, iodides, nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates). At chlorhexidine concentrations below 0.01% w/v precipitation is less likely to occur.
  In hard water, insoluble salts may form owing to interaction with calcium and magnesium cations. Solubility may be enhanced by the inclusion of surfactants such as cetrimide.
  Other substances incompatible with chlorhexidine salts include viscous materials such as acacia, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, and tragacanth. Also incompatible are brilliant green, chloramphenicol, copper sulfate, fluorescein sodium, formaldehyde, silver nitrate, and zinc sulfate.
  Interaction has been reported between chlorhexidine gluconate and the hydrogel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), which is a component of some hydrophilic contact lenses.

• 規制状況(Regulatory Status)

  Chlorhexidine salts are included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

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