ペンタミジン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H302：飲み込むと有害

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H335：呼吸器への刺激のおそれ

• 注意書き

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P301+P312：飲み込んだ場合：気分が悪い時は医師に連絡する こと。

  P302+P352：皮膚に付着した場合：多量の水と石鹸で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P321：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P330：口をすすぐこと。

  P332+P313：皮膚刺激が生じた場合：医師の診断/手当てを受けるこ と。

  P362：汚染された衣類を脱ぎ、再使用す場合には洗濯をすること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

ペンタミジン 価格

MSDS Information

• 4,4'-[1,5-Pentanediylbis(oxy)]bis-benzenecarboximidamide

ペンタミジン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 効能

  抗真菌薬, 抗原虫薬

• 説明

  Pentamidine is an aromatic diamine that is effective against protozoal diseases, such as amoebic dysentery, malaria, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis. In clinical studies, it has also been shown to be an effective prophylaxis against pneumocystis pneumonia.

• 化学的特性

  Crystalline Solid

• 適応症

  Pentamidine (Pentam 300) binds to DNA and may inhibit kinetoplast DNA replication and function. It also may act by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase and interfering with polyamine metabolism. An effect on organism respiration, especially at high doses, also may play a role.

• 抗菌性

  Pentamidine has broad activity in experimental models against P. falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp. and Babesia spp. It also has activity against Pn. jirovecii.

• 獲得抵抗性

  Relapse rates of 7–16% have been reported in the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis in West Africa. Patients usually respond to a subsequent course of treatment with melarsoprol. A membrane transporter is involved in crossresistance of arsenic-resistant T. brucei to diamidines, affecting diminazene and stilbamidine more than pentamidine.

• 応用例（製薬）

  A synthetic diamidine, available as the isethionate (2-hydroxymethane sulfonate) salt for parenteral use. It is also administered by instillation of a nebulized solution directly into the lungs.

• 作用機序

  Pentamidine is not well absorbed from the intestinal tract after oral administration and generally is given by intramuscular injection. The drug binds to tissues, particularly the kidney, and is slowly excreted, mostly as the unmodified drug. It does not enter the central nervous system (CNS). Its sequestration in tissues accounts for its prophylactic use in trypanosomiasis.

• 薬物動態学

  Oral absorption: Negligible
  C_max 4 mg/kg intramuscular: c. 0.5 mg/L after 1 h
  Plasma half-life: c. 6.5 h
  Volume of distribution: 3 L/kg
  Plasma protein binding: c. 70%
  Pentamidine is rapidly and extensively metabolized by rat liver, and high concentrations are retained in renal and hepatic tissue for up to 6 months after administration. In humans distribution is mainly in the liver, kidney, adrenal glands and spleen, with lower accumulation in the lung. This tissue retention is the basis for its prophylactic use. Although transport across the blood–brain barrier has been demonstrated in experimental models, it is probably unable to cross the blood–brain barrier in sufficient quantity to be trypanocidal: <1% of the plasma concentration has been measured in the CSF of sleeping sickness patients. About 15–20% of the dose is excreted in the urine but because of retention in tissues there is an extremely long terminal half-life (>12 days).

• 臨床応用

  Pentamidine is active against Pneumocystis carinii, trypanosomes, and leishmaniasis unresponsive to pentavalent antimonials. It is an alternative agent for the treatment of P. carinii pneumonia. Although it is more toxic than trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, it has been widely used in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in whom P. carinii infection is common.
  Pentamidine is an alternative drug for visceral leishmaniasis, especially when sodium stibogluconate has failed or is contraindicated. Pentamidine is also a reserve agent for the treatment of trypanosomiasis before the CNS is invaded. This characteristic largely restricts its use to Gambian trypanosomiasis.

• 副作用

  Side effects range from local irritation and sterile abscess at the site of injection to transient effects (vomiting, abdominal discomfort) and serious systemic effects (hypotension, effects on the heart, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia). In a study of the treatment of South American cutaneous leishmaniasis, 17% of patients prematurely terminated treatment due to toxicity and another 30% reported side effects.

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