インスリン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H334：吸入するとアレルギー、喘息または、呼吸困難 を起こすおそれ

• 注意書き

  P261：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーの吸入を避ける こと。

  P285：換気が十分でない場合には、呼吸用保護具を着用する こと。

  P304+P341：吸入した場合：呼吸が困難な場合には、空気の新鮮な場 所に移し、呼吸しやすい姿勢で休息させること。

  P342+P311：呼吸に関する症状が出た場合：医師に連絡すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

インスリン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 性質

  A鎖内S-S結合と，2個のA-B鎖間S-S結合．血糖降下などの作用をもつホルモン

• 解説

  インスリン，ホルモンの一種。膵臓のランゲルハンス島のβ細胞から分泌され，糖質の代謝に重要な役割を果す。 1921年に F.G.バンティングと C.H.ベストが発見し，34年に D.スコットが亜鉛添加によって容易に結晶化することを発見するに及んで，純度の高いインスリン製剤が広く供給されるようになった。

  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
  

• 製法

  インスリン，ポリペプチドホルモンの一つ．膵臓のランゲルハンス島のβ細胞から分泌される．ウシ，ブタ，ヒツジなどの膵臓から抽出，精製すると結晶状に単離される．ウシのインスリンは分子量6×103 で，中性溶液中では会合する．結晶には亜鉛が微量含まれている．

• 効能

  糖尿病治療薬, インスリン受容体作動薬

• 説明

  Insulin is a polypeptide hormone that consists of two peptide chains bonded by two disulfide bonds. The two chains are designated A and B. The A chain consists of 21 amino acids with a third internal disulfidebond, and the B chain contains the remaining 30 amino acids. All vertebrates produce insulin and the structure is similar in these species. For example, the insulin produced in humans and porcine species differs by only one amino acid, and humans and bovine insulin differ by three amino acids. Insulin plays a crucial role in several physiological processes. These include the regulation of sugar in the body, fatty acid synthesis, formation of triglycerides, and amino acid synthesis.
  Insulin also promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver. In this manner, insulin maintains glucose at a stable level in the bloodstream. Insulin is most closely associated with diabetes. Diabetes results in excess blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and the inability of cells to absorb glucose, which in turn deprives them of energy.

• 天然物の起源

  ヒト膵ランゲルハンス島β細胞，A鎖：90～110, B鎖：25～54

• 来歴

  Insulin derives its name from the Latin word insula for island. Insulin is produced in the pancreas by β-cells in the islets of Langerhans (α-cells in the pancreas produce glucagon). Paul Langerhans (1847–1888) discovered the islets of Langerhans, which were subsequently shown to secrete insulin. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on cells and produces biochemical changes that allow the cells to take in glucose.
  Diabetes has been prevalent in humans throughout history, but relief from the disease was not available until the 20th century.The termdiabetes comes from the Greek words diabainein, meaning to pass through or siphon.In the late 1800s,it was known that diabetes was related to the pancreas,but it was not known exactly how. In 1901, Eugene Opie (1873–1971) determined that diabetes was related to the islets of Langerhans. During the early 20th century, knowledge was advanced on ductless glands and endocrine secretions that fed directly into the bloodstream.Diseases were treated with extracts obtained from glands.

• 来歴

  Insulin was one of the greatest medical breakthroughs in history, which went on to save millions of lives around the world and triggered a century of diabetes discoveries. For many years scientists believed that some kind of internal secretion of the pancreas was the key to preventing diabetes and controlling normal metabolism. Insulin was discovered by Sir Frederick G Banting, Charles H Best and JJR Macleod at the University of Toronto in 1921. In May 1921, the Canadians Frederick G. Banting and Charles H. Best began a series of experiments with pancreatic extracts, which led to the first applications in humans as early as January 1922. In 1923, Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize for one of the most important, and most controversial, breakthroughs in modern medical history.

• 使用

  Insulin plays a crucial role in several physiologicalprocesses. These include the regulation of sugar in the body, fatty acid synthesis, formation oftriglycerides, and amino acid synthesis.=Insulin also promotes the storage of glucose as glycogenin the liver. In this manner, insulin maintains glucose at a stable level in the bloodstream.Insulin is most closely associated with diabetes.
  Diabetes must be managed by monitoring blood sugarlevels throughout the day, and using this information to adjust the diet and activities to keepblood glucose in an acceptable range; Insulin is usually administered through injections, but it can be deliveredusing other methods. Insulin pumps are small electronic devices that deliver insulin accordingto a programmed schedule throughout the day. In recent years oral sprays have beendeveloped to augment but not replace injected insulin. Another area of interest is deliveryusing dermal patches. Insulin cannot be delivered using conventional pills because stomachacidity denatures insulin. Although lack of insulin results in hyperglycemia,it is importantwhen administering insulin to prevent hypoglycemia. In hypoglycemia blood sugar is too low.Hypoglycemia in diabetics can occur from too much insulin, lack of food, exercise, or lackof carbohydrates. Its symptoms include increased heart rate, nervousness, perspiration, andshakiness. When this condition is recognized, diabetics consume carbohydrates such as candy,fruit,or fruit juice to boost blood sugar levels. In extreme cases,a person can have a severereaction and experience seizures or fall into a coma. Severe reaction to insulin is referred toas insulin shock.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A peptide hormone produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two petide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other c ntaining 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in he treatment of type I and type II diabetes.

インスリン 上流と下流の製品情報

インスリン 生産企業

Global(52)Suppliers

9004-10-8, インスリン キーワード