四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H201：爆発物；大量爆発危険性

• 注意書き

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P230：．．．にて湿らせておくこと。

  P240：容器を接地すること/アースをとること。

  P250：粉砕/衝撃/．．．/摩擦のような取り扱いをしないこと。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P370+P380：火災の場合：区域より退避させること。

  P372：火災の場合に爆発する危険性あり。

  P373：炎が火薬類に届いたら消火活動をしないこと。

  P401：．．．に保管すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール 価格

四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール,硝酸エステルとしては化学的に比較的安定であるが，熱に鈍感，衝撃には敏感で，爆発力もきわめて強力である．雷管の添装薬，導爆線の心薬，医薬用に血管拡張剤として用いられる．
  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

• 用途

  工業雷管、電気雷管の添装薬、導爆線の心薬、せん孔や切断用の火工品の装薬、血管拡張剤

• 特性

  四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール,無色の非吸湿性斜方晶系結晶．融点141.3 ℃，沸点200±10 ℃．密度1.77 g cm－3．発火点225 ℃(5 s)．爆発熱6070 kJ kg－1．アセトン，酢酸メチルに可溶，エーテル，エタノール，ベンゼンに難溶，水に不溶．

• 効能

  血管拡張薬

• 製造

  四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール,略称PETN．ペントリットともいう．ペンタエリトリトールを5倍量の濃硝酸に加え，15 ℃ 以下で反応させると得られる．

• 化学的特性

  white crystalline powder

• 使用

  Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a high explosive, often used as the booster in artillery ammunition. It is frequently used as a detonation fuse, which is a form of primacord in which PETN powder is wrapped in waterproof fabric.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.

• 反応プロフィール

  Pure PENTAERYTHRITE TETRANITRATE is an explosive. Severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat. Explodes when heated to 205-215°C. Highly dangerous when mixed with oxidizing agents. On decomposition Pentaerythritol tetranitrate emits highly toxic fumes of NOx (Sax and Lewis, 1987 pp. 699-700).

• 健康ハザード

  Some are toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

• 火災危険

  PETN is a high explosive, as powerful as cyclonite. It is more sensitive than TNT to shock. It explodes on percussion or heating. The detonating temperature is 210°C (410°F). The detonation velocity is 7.9 km/s.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Human systemic effects by ingestion: dermatitis. Effects are sirmlar to those of nitroglycerin, i.e., headache, weakness, and fall in blood pressure. Very low oral toxicity. Severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat. It explodes at 215’C. On decomposition it emits hghly toxic fumes of NO,; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Used in detonators and explosive specialities. See also NITRATES and EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.

• 職業ばく露

  First introduced following WWII, PETN shares the same chemical family as nitroglycerine. It is 70% more powerful than TNT. Used in the manufacture of fuses for detonation and explosive specialties, including the plastic explosive, Semtex, and in blasting caps. PETN is also used as a medical vasodilator to lower blood pressure by widening blood vessels to improve blood flow. PRTN has been used in terrorism attempts in 2001 by the so-called “shoe bomber,” in 2009 by the “underwear bomber,” and most recently in October 2010, hidden in printer cartridges being shipped internationally by passenger jet.

• 輸送方法

  UN3344 Pentaerythrite tetranitrate mixture, desensitized, solid, n.o.s. with ＞10% but not ＞20% PETN, by mass, Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid. UN0150 Pentaerythrite tetranitrate, wetted or Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, wetted, or PETN, wetted or Pentaerythrite tetranitrate, or Pentaerythritol tetranitrate or PETN, desensitized, Hazard Class: 1D; Labels:1DExplosive (with a mass explosion hazard); D-Substances or articles which may mass detonate (with blast and/or fragment hazard) when exposed to fire.

• 純化方法

  Crystallise pentaerythritol tetranitrate from acetone or acetone/EtOH. When crystallised from H2O at 0o, it may have m 26-28o (hydrate). It detonates more easily than TNT on percussion. The O-acetate, when crystallised from EtOH, has m 87-88o. Although it has been distilled at 60o/2mm, distillation should NOT be attempted as it is VERY EXPLOSIVE. Itis a vasodilator. [Marans et al. J Am Chem Soc 76 1304 1954, Camp et al. J Am Chem Soc 77 751 1955, Beilstein 1 IV 2816, 2 IV 264.]

• 不和合性

  Treat PETN as an unstable explosive. Rapid heating can cause detonation when heated to 210C. PETN is a dangerous high explosive and a strong oxidizer. PETN normally requires a blasting cap or other kind of detonator but may decompose explosively from concussion, shock, friction, static charges. Keep away from combustible materials; other oxidizers, for example, nitrates and permanganates. Contact with sulfur trioxide may cause detonation. Contact with reducing agents, e.g., zinc and alkaline metals may cause explosion. May explode in the presence of strong bases (i.e., sodium or potassium hydroxide). May react with heavy metals.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Seek expert help with this explosive material. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール 上流と下流の製品情報

78-11-5, 四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール キーワード