ホスホノぎ酸ナトリウム六水和物

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H341：遺伝性疾患のおそれの疑い

  H373：長期にわたる、または反復暴露により臓器の障 害のおそれ

• 注意書き

  P202：全ての安全注意を読み理解するまで取り扱わないこ と。

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P308+P313：暴露または暴露の懸念がある場合：医師の診断/手当てを 受けること。

  P405：施錠して保管すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

ホスホノぎ酸ナトリウム六水和物 価格

ホスホノぎ酸ナトリウム六水和物 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 効能

  抗ウイルス薬, DNAポリメラーゼ阻害薬

• 商品名

  ホスカビル (クリニジェン)

• 化学的特性

  Phosphonoformic acid trisodium salt hexahydrate is white or almost white, crystalline powder.

• 定義

  ChEBI: The hexahydrate form of trisodium phosphonoformate. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patien s who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.

• 獲得抵抗性

  Phosphonoformic acid trisodium salt hexahydrate can be generated in vitro, and CMV strains resistant to both ganciclovir and foscarnet have occasionally been recovered from humans.

• 応用例（製薬）

  Phosphonoformic acid trisodium salt hexahydrate is a synthetic non-nucleoside pyrophosphate analog formulated as the trisodium hexahydrate for intravenous use. The solubility in water at pH 7 is only about 5% (w/w).

• 薬物動態学

  Oral absorption: c. 17%
  C_max 60 mg/kg intravenous 8-hourly: 557 μmol/L
  Plasma half-life: 3.3–6.8 h
  Volume of distribution: 0.52–0.74 L/kg
  Plasma protein binding: 14–17%
  Absorption and distribution
  Oral bioavailability is poor. A wide range of plasma concentrations was noted (75–500 μmol/L) during 3–21 days of continuous intravenous infusion of 0.14–0.19 mg/kg per min. During continuous intravenous therapy the concentrations reached a plateau on day 3. Considerable differences in steady-state plasma concentrations exist between individuals. Drug penetrates the CSF; the mean concentration is about 40–60% of the mean plasma concentration, depending upon dose.
  Metabolism and excretion
  Elimination appears to be triphasic, with two initially short half-lives of 0.5–1.4 h and 3.3–6.8 h, followed by a long terminal phase of 88 h. About 88% of the cumulative intravenous dose is recovered unchanged in the urine within a week of stopping an infusion, indicating that the drug is not significantly metabolized. Non-renal clearance accounts for 14–18% of total clearance and may relate to uptake into bone. Plasma clearance decreases markedly with decreased renal function and the elimination half-life may be increased by up to 10-fold. Conventional dialysis eliminates about 25% of a dose while high-flux dialysis can remove nearly 60%.

• 臨床応用

  Treatment of CMV retinitis in patients for whom ganciclovir is contraindicated, inappropriate or ineffective
  It is also potentially of value in the treatment of aciclovir-resistant HSV infection.

• 副作用

  Treatment is more frequently limited by toxicity than with ganciclovir. Renal toxicity is most common. A two- to three-fold increase in serum creatinine levels occurs in 20–60% (mean 45%) of patients given 130–230 mg/kg per day as a continuous intravenous infusion. Renal impairment usually develops within the first few weeks of treatment and is generally reversible within several weeks of discontinuing therapy. Foscarnet chelates metal ions, and serum electrolyte abnormalities – predominantly hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia – occur in about 30, 15, 16 and 8% of patients, respectively. Convulsions occur in 10–15%. Other side effects include anemia (25–50%), penile or vulval ulceration (3–9%), nausea and vomiting (20–30%), local irritation and thrombophlebitis at the infusion site, abdominal pain and occasional pancreatitis, headache (c. 25%), dizziness, involuntary muscle contractions, tremor, hypoesthesia, ataxia, neuropathy, anxiety, nervousness, depression and confusion, and skin rash. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus has been reported.
  Foscarnet is contraindicated in pregnancy. Topical application does not result in dermal toxicity similar to that produced by phosphonacetic acid.

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