1-リチオ-1,1-ジメチルエタン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H225：引火性の高い液体および蒸気

  H250：空気に触れると自然発火

  H252：大量の場合自己発熱；火災のおそれ

  H260：水に触れると自然発火するおそれのある可燃性 /引火性ガスを発生

  H304：飲み込んで気道に侵入すると生命に危険のおそ れ

  H314：重篤な皮膚の薬傷?眼の損傷

  H318：重篤な眼の損傷

  H336：眠気やめまいのおそれ

  H410：長期的影響により水生生物に非常に強い毒性

  H411：長期的影響により水生生物に毒性

• 注意書き

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P222：空気に接触させないこと。

  P223：激しい反応と火災の発生の危険があるため、水と接 触させないこと。

  P231+P232：湿気を遮断し、不活性ガス下で取り扱うこと。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P370+P378：火災の場合：消火に．．．を使用すること。

  P405：施錠して保管すること。

  P422：内容物を．．．中で保管すること。

1-リチオ-1,1-ジメチルエタン 価格

1-リチオ-1,1-ジメチルエタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 用途

  ペンタンなどの炭化水素の溶液のかたちで市販されており、有機合成化学においては強塩基、重合開始剤やリチオ化剤として用いることができる。

• 説明

  tert-Butyllithium solution (tert-BuLi) is an organolithium compound, used as a strong base in organic chemistry. It facilitates lithium-halogen exchange reaction and also can be employed in the deprotonation of C-H compounds and amines. it has applications in organic synthesis since it is a strong base, capable of deprotonating many carbon molecules, including benzene. tert-Butyllithium is available commercially as hydrocarbon solutions; it is not usually prepared in the laboratory. Its synthesis was first reported by R. B. Woodward in 1941.

• 化学的特性

  tert-Butyllithium is a colorless crystalline solid or colourless to pale yellow solution. It is more reactive than n- or sec-butyllithium and has similar properties. However, it is thermally stable. Dixon and co-workers have heated tert-Butyllithium to 100°C for 20 hr with little decomposition.

• 使用

  • There are no commercial uses of t-butyllithium, but it is used as a polymerization initiator and as a metalating agent in the laboratory.
  • Alkylating and metalating agent. Reagent for the introduction of the tert-butyl group.
  • tert-Butyllithium (t-BuLi) is the most reactive of the commercially available organolithium reagents. It is supplied as a standard solution in hydrocarbon solvents, usually in a bottle sealed with a septum.

• 主な応用

  tert-Butyllithium solution can be used as a strong base in the synthesis of:
  Alkyllithium derivatives form alkyl iodides and diiodoalkanes by halogen-lithium exchange reaction.
  Inorganic polymer [(LiMo3Se3)n] from [(InMo3Se3)n] by reductive intercalation method.
  Adducts of cinnamic acid (1,3- and 1,4-adducts) by reacting with C-C double of cinnamic acid.

• 製造方法

  tert-Butyllithium is not sold in large quantities. The industrial and laboratory preparations are the same: the reaction of t-butyl chloride with lithium metal in a hydrocarbon solvent. However, tert-Butyllithium is much more difficult to produce than the other isomeric butyllithium compounds and some special precautions must be taken to obtain good yields. Principally, the lithium metal must be finely divided and must contain several percent sodium. It has also been found that t-butyl alcohol in the butyl chloride is beneficial. The solvent of choice is pentane. Vigorous reflux is necessary for good yield since it apparently helps to remove lithium chloride from the surface of the metal, and pentane refluxes at about the optimum temperature. If hexane is used at the same temperature, a significantly lower yield is obtained.

• Structure and conformation

  The crystal structure of tert-butyllithium exists as a tetrameric form, comprising four metallic lithium atoms forming a tetrahedral framework. Each face of this tetrahedron is connected to a tert-butyl group. The tertiary carbon atom of tert-butyl is bonded to three lithium metal atoms, establishing a distinctive bridging arrangement.
  

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