Description
4-Aminohippuric acid is a substrate for various renal transporters that has been used in the study of anion uptake in the kidney. It is a substrate for organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1; Km = 14.3 μM in X. laevis oocytes), the human inorganic phosphate transporter (NPT1; Km = 2.66 mM in HEK293 cells), and apical multidrug resistance protein (MDR2; Km = 880 μM in HEK293 cells). 4-Aminohippuric acid is a glycine amide form of 4-aminobenzoic acid . Formulations containing 4-aminohippuric acid have been used as markers to determine renal plasma flow.
Chemical Properties
off-white to greyish crystalline powder
Uses
p-Aminohippuric acid has been used as infusions to measure plasma flow.
Uses
muscle relaxant (smooth)
Uses
4-Aminohippuric Acid is used in the measurement of renal plasma flow as a diagnostic tool which may be applied towards kidney disorders.
Definition
ChEBI: P-aminohippuric acid is an N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a p-aminohippurate.
General Description
Renal tubules secretes para amino hippuric acid/PAH.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Para-aminohippuric acid(PAH) is used as a marker in nutrition studies to measure the flow of blood in pigs, which inturn helps to determine the portal-drained viscera (PDV) flux of nutrients.
Synthesis
4-Aminohippuric acid is prepared by reacting p-nitrobenzoyl chloride with glycine, followed by reducing the p-nitro group with tin and hydrochloric acid.
Purification Methods
Crystallise the acid from H2O. It is soluble in organic solvents. [Cohen & McGilvery J Biol Chem 169 119 1945, 171 121 1947, Meunzen et al. J Biol Chem 26 469 1926, Beilstein 14 III 1069, 14 IV 1152.]
References
[1] B. ZMBOVA . Synthesis of p-aminohippuric acid analog and its labeling by technetium-99m[J]. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1989, 40 3: Pages 225-234. DOI:
10.1016/0883-2889(89)90152-4.
[2] W P DEISS P P C. Studies in para-aminohippuric acid synthesis in the human: its application as a liver function test.[J]. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1950, 29 8: 1014-1020. DOI:
10.1172/JCI102332.
[3] M. SHEAT M. M Zenab F Saeed. Synthesis of Some of Azo, Triazines and Schiff Bases Compounds from 4-Aminohippuric Acid[J]. Journal of Education Science, 2009, 47 1: 1-8. DOI:
10.33899/edusj.2009.57930.
[4] T SEKINE. Expression cloning and characterization of a novel multispecific organic anion transporter.[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997, 272 30: 18526-18529. DOI:
10.1074/jbc.272.30.18526.
[5] HIROSHI UCHINO . p-Aminohippuric Acid Transport at Renal Apical Membrane Mediated by Human Inorganic Phosphate Transporter NPT1[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2000, 270 1: Pages 254-259. DOI:
10.1006/bbrc.2000.2407.
