Uses
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP-1/MCAF) has been used:
- as a chemokine supplement in the alpha minimal essential medium for culturing neurons to test its effect on JmjC histone demethylase (Jmjd2a) mRNA
- as a component of Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle (DMEM) medium, as a positive chemoattractant control in HeLa cells for migration assay
- as a chemoattractant to induced macrophage chemotaxis
General Description
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP-1/MCAF), also called the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), is an inflammatory cytokine. The CCL2 gene is mapped to human chromosome 17q12. CCL2 is present in epithelial, endothelial, mesangial and microglial cells. Structurally, it dimerizes and has four regions of the -sheet. Recombinant human MCP-1 is a 8.6 kDa protein containing 76 amino acid residues including the four highly conserved cysteine residues. The MCP family cross-reacts across species.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP-1/MCAF) acts as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) suppressor. The MCP-1 acts as a chemoattractant for T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It also plays a key role in the migration and infiltration of macrophages. CCL2 shows under expression in high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas (HGOSCs) and is expressed less in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Description
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Human Recombinant also known as Monocyte Chemotactic and Activating Factor (MCAF) produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 76 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8.6kDa.
The MCP-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Background
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). It is found at the site of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is under the control of nuclear factor ?B (NF?B). CCL2 recruits immune cells, such as monocytes, to sites of tissue injury and infection. This chemokine is produced as a protein precursor containing signal peptide of 23 amino acids and a mature peptide of 76 amino acids. It is a monomeric polypeptide, with a molecular weight of approximately 13kDa. As with many other CC chemokines, CCL2 is located on chromosome 17 in humans. The cell surface receptors that bind CCL2 are CCR2 and CCR5.
