Uses
Hormone (antidiuretic).
Uses
[Arg
8]-Vasopressin solution was used as an antigen for preparing preadsorbed antisera for immunocytochemistry. The product was used in L6 cell culture of the C5 subclone for differentiation studies.
Definition
ChEBI: The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.
Indications
ADH (vasopressin) is released primarily in response to
increases in plasma osmolarity or decreases in blood
volume. It produces its antidiuretic activity in the kidney,
causing the cortical and medullary parts of the collecting
duct to become more permeable to water,
thereby increasing water reabsorption, reducing serum
osmolarity, and increasing its volume. It produces this
effect by binding to a subset of vasopressin receptors called V
2 that have relatively high affinity
for the hormone. ADH also has actions at sites other
than the kidney. V
2 receptors also mediate an increase
in circulating levels of two proteins involved in blood
coagulation: factor VIII and von Willebrand’s factor.At
higher concentrations, ADH interacts with V1 receptors
to cause a general constriction of most blood vessels. It
also interacts with V
3 (or V
1b) receptors to increase
ACTH release, although the major control of ACTH release
occurs through corticotropin-releasing hormone.
brand name
Pitressin
(Parke-Davis).
General Description
Vasopressin tannate (PitressinTannate) is a water-insoluble tannate of vasopressin administeredintramuscularly (1.5–5.0 pressor units daily)for its prolonged duration of action by the slow release ofvasopressin. It is particularly useful for patients who havediabetes insipidus, but it should never be used intravenously.
Biochem/physiol Actions
[Arg8]-Vasopressin solution also known as Antidiuretic hormone, Arginine vasopressin or beta-Hypophamine is a selective and potent vasopressor agent that stabilizes the cardiocirculatory function in normal human as well as in patients suffering from catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock. It stimulates three acid-base transporters and hence increases the capability of the cell to regulate pH.
Mechanism of action
ADH itself is available for injections (Pitressin) but
has a half-life of about 15 minutes. Desmopressin
(DDAVP) is an analogue without an amino group at
the first amino acid and with D-arginine instead of Larginine.
This analogue is more stable and has very little
pressor activity. Desmopressin can be given subcutaneously
or nasally, and the effects last for 12 hours.
Clinical Use
Because it is stable, desmopressin is preferred for
treatments especially if pressor effects are not desired.
The primary indication for therapy is central diabetes
insipidus, a disorder that results when ADH secretion is
reduced and that is characterized by polydipsia,
polyuria, and dehydration. Desmopressin is also used to
reduce primary nocturnal enuresis, or bedwetting, in
children. It is useful in people with mild hemophilia A
or with some types of von Willebrand’s disease, in which
von Willebrand’s factor is present at low levels. In these
cases, desmopressin is given when excessive bleeding
occurs or before surgery to help reduce bleeding indirectly
by increasing the amounts of coagulation factors.
A possible adverse effect of desmopressin is water intoxication
if too much is taken.
ADH antagonists, including nonpeptide analogues
that may be taken orally, have been developed with
specificity for each of the receptor types. In the future,
those that block V1 receptors may be useful in treating
hypertension, and those that block V2 receptors may be
useful in any condition of excessive water retention or
hyponatremia, for which so far there is no satisfactory
therapeutic treatment.
Safety Profile
A poison by intravenous route.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors ofNOx and SOx.
