Description
The clove oil is a kind of essential oil extracted from the clove plants, Syzygium aromaticum. It is divided into three categories including bud oil, leaf oil and stem oil. Clove oil has many applications such as relieving toothache, anesthetizing or euthanizing laboratory or pet fish. It has also shown that clove oil has many health effects. For example, it has strong anti-inflammatory effect, and can protect the liver against disease. It can also be used as an antiseptic for oral infection and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial reagent. Clove oil can generally support the health of our liver, skin, hair and mouth.
References
https://draxe.com/clove-oil-uses-benefits/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_of_clove
Chemical Properties
Clove bud oil is obtained in 15–20% yield by steam distillation of the dried
flower buds. Clove bud oil, similar to the leaf oil, is a yellow to brown, sometimes
slightly viscous liquid. It turns dark purple-brown on contactwith iron.
The oil has the spicy odor and flavor that are characteristic of eugenol.
d
2020 1.042–1.063; n
20D 1.5280–1.5380; α
20D ?1.5 ° to 0 °; phenol content: 85–93%; content by GC: eugenol 75–85%, caryophyllene 2–7%, eugenol acetate 8–15%.
Chemical Properties
Clove bud oil is obtained by the distillation of buds with water or steam. The yield is typically between 15 and 18%,
but is dependent on the quality of the buds, precautions exercised and distiller efficiency. Of the clove oils, clove bud oil is the most
expensive. Approximately 50 tons is produced each year in Madagascar. The oil has the characteristic clove-like aroma and a burning,
spicy flavor.
Physical properties
The oil is clear and mobile. The color usually darkens with age.
Occurrence
Found in the buds of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (Fam. Myrtaceae) (Fenarolfs Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, 1971).
Uses
Clove oil is an essential oil used in tooth powder, confectionery, microscopy; local anesthetic for toothaches; some perfumery uses(honeysuckle; rose; balsam; aftershave fragrances; herbal)
Uses
clove bud oil has similar properties to clove oil, though it is most often used for its odor-masking properties. Distillates from dried buds are considered of higher quality than those obtained from the stems and leaves. Clove oil derived from the plant’s leaves is sometimes used to adulterate the oil obtained from the bud.
Uses
Clove oil, the traditional cure for toothache, can do more than numb the gums. This sweet, warm, spicy oil is an effective antiseptic that can be applied to infected wounds; in fact, when diluted to 1 percent, clove oil is up to four times more effective than phenol in killing bacteria. An effective insect repellent, clove oil can be used on herbal flea collars or added to herbal sprays. Taken internally, it helps prevent flatulence, digestive problems and diarrhea. As clove oil was traditionally recommended for strengthening the uterus and aiding in childbirth (some authorities recommend that women eat cloves during their last month of pregnancy and drink clove tea during labor), this essential oil may be helpful to dogs and cats in the week before giving birth. Clove oil is also an effective vermifuge or worm killer.
Three types of clove oil are available: clove bud, clove leaf and clove stem. All three can cause skin and mucous membrane irritation and should be greatly diluted when used topically. Clove bud oil has the lowest eugenol percentage and is the least toxic. All of the clove oils are safe for internal consumption and are widely used flavoring agents.
Like cinnamon, cloves can be added to a pet's food. Use freshly ground cloves for this purpose because the spice's essential oils deteriorate rapidly after grinding. This is why freshly ground cloves smell so different from ground cloves that have been sitting on a shelf for months. The essential oils in whole cloves will dull the plastic parts of your spice grinder (clean it immediately after use with soap and water) and if you fill vegetarian gelatin capsules (Vegicaps) with ground cloves, their essential oil will cause the capsules to shatter within a few days. Regular gelatin capsules will not break.
Preparation
By water distillation of the buds of E. caryophyllata Thunb. (Fenarolfs Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, 1971).
Definition
Extractives and their physically modified derivatives. Eugenia caryophyllata or Caryophyllus aromaticus, Myrtaceae.
Essential oil composition
Clove bud oil contains 70 to 90% eugenol, 2 to 17% eugenyl acetate, 5 to 12% α- and β-caryophyllene and
traces of caryophyllene epoxide, gallic acid, flavonoids, oleanolic acid, rhamnetin, methyl salicylate, methyl-n-amyl ketone, methyln-
heptyl ketone, methyl-n-amyl carbinol, methyl-n-heptyl carbinol, methyl alchohol, methyl benzoate, furfural, α-methyl furfural,
furfuryl alchohol, vanillin and possibly β-pinene, valeraldehyde, methyl furfuryl alcohol and dimethyl furfural.*
Toxicity evaluation
The acute oral LD
50 value in rats was reported as 2*65 g/kg (2.18-3.12 g/kg) (Moreno, 1973). The acute dermal LD
50 value in rabbits was reported as approximately 5 g/kg (Moreno, 1973). The acute oral LD
50 of clove oil for rats was found to be 372 mg/100-g rat (von Skramlik, 1959). Clove oil was toxic to mice when applied to the skin in two doses 7 days apart (Roe & Field, 1965).
