Ribonucleic acid

Chemical Properties

White powder

Uses

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) from torula yeast may be used as a substrate for studying ribonuclease activities of enzymes such as ribonuclease-A, ribonuclease T1 (RNAase) and bougainvillea xbuttiana antiviral protein 1 (BBAP1).

Uses

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) from baker?s yeast?S. cerevisiae?may be used as a substrate for studying ribonuclease activities of enzymes such as RNAase(s). It is also suitable for use as a carrier in nucleic acid purification and precipitation.

Uses

ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a surface film-forming agent with moisturizing action. This is the polyribonucleotide found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cells.

General Description

Transfer RNA is isolated from brewer′s yeast. This transfer RNA is specific for transfer of the amino acid phenylalanine.

The phenylalanine acceptor activity of 100% pure tRNA is 1,800 pmoles per A260 unit. Comparison of this number to lot-specific analysis may be used as an indication of product purity. Methods to further purify tRNA have been published.

The assay for this product is based on a published method. The activity is measured using a crude preparation of phenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. The phenylalanine specific tRNA is used as a substrate for the enzyme in the assay.

This product is not suitable for use as carrier tRNA to aid in the ethanol precipitation of very small amounts of DNA. Product Nos. R 8508 and R 5636 are recommended for use as carrier tRNA for DNA purification and precipitation.

Agricultural Uses

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a generic term for a group of natural polymers, consisting of long chains of alternating phosphate and D-ribose units, with bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil bonded to the 1 position of the ribose. Ribonucleic acid is universally present in living cells and has a functional genetic specificity due to the sequence of bases along the polyribonucleotide chain. The following four types of RNA are known:
(i) Messenger RNA: It is synthesized in the living cell by the action of an enzyme that carries out the polymerization of ribonucleotides on a DNA template region which carries the information for the primary sequence of amino acids in a structural protein. It is a ribonucleotide copy of the deoxynucleotide sequences in the primary genetic material.
(ii) Ribosomal RNA: It exists as a part of a functional limit within living cells, called the ribosome, a particle containing protein and ribosomal RNA in roughly 1:2 parts by weight, having a particle weight of about 8 million. Messenger RNA combines with ribosomes to form polysomes containing ribosome units, usually 5 , complexed to the messenger RNA molecule. This aggregate structure is the active template for protein synthesis.
(iii) Transfer RNA: It is the smallest and best characterized RNA. Its molecules contain about 80 nucleotides per chain. There are at least twenty separate kinds, correspondingly related to each of the 20 amino acids naturally occurring in proteins. Transfer RNA must have at least two kinds of specificity. (i) It must recognize (or be recognized by) the proper amino acid activating enzyme so that the proper amino acid will be transferred to its free 2' or 3' -OH group. (ii) It must be recognized as the proper triplet on the messenger RNA-ribosome aggregate. Having these properties, transfer RNA accepts or forms an intermediate transfer RNA amino acid that finds its way to the polysome, complexes at a triplet coding for the activated amino acid, and allows transfer of the amino acid into peptide linkage.
(iv) viral RNA: It is isolated from bacterial viruses, and animals and may be considered as a polycistronic messenger RNA. It has a molecular weight of 1 to 2 million. Generally, there is one molecule of RNA per infective virus particle. The RNA of RNA virus can be separated from its protein component and is also infective, bringing about the formation of complete virus.