Ozanimod

Uses

Ozanimod is an agonist that binds to S1P1 and S1P5 receptors. Experiments on rodents revealed that Ozanimod is effective against autoimmune diseases.

Description

Ozanimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P₁) and S1P₅ agonist. It induces GTPγS binding in cell membranes expressing human S1P₁ or S1P₅ (EC₅₀s = 0.41 and 11 nM, respectively) but not cell membranes expressing S1P₂ or S1P₃ receptors (EC₅₀s = >10,000 nM for both). Ozanimod (0.2 mg/kg) reduces the number of peripheral lymphocytes in rats. It reduces disease severity and the number of circulating lymphocytes in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ozanimod (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) reduces disease severity and body weight loss in a mouse model of TNBS-induced colitis. Formulations containing ozanimod have been used in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis.

Uses

Ozanimod is an agonist that binds to S1P1 and S1P5 receptors. Experiments on rodents revealed that Ozanimod is effective against autoimmune diseases.

Pharmacokinetics

Ozanimod is metabolised into two major active metabolites [ie, CC112273 and CC1084037] and several other minor active metabolites, all with similar selectivity for S1P1 and S1P5. Approximately 94% of the total circulating active drug is made up of ozanimod [6%], CC112273 [73%], and CC1084037 [15%]. The mean half-life of ozanimod is approximately 21 hours, and the mean half-life of CC112273 and CC1084037 is approximately 11 days. Given the relatively long half-life of the major active metabolites, some effects of ozanimod may continue after treatment discontinuation and a washout period of up to 3 months after discontinuing ozanimod is recommended in certain situations [eg, planning a pregnancy, planning to initiate an immunosuppressant or receipt of a live attenuated vaccine], and patients should be monitored for infections for up to 3 months after ozanimod is stopped[2].

Side effects

The most common ozanimod (Zeposia) side effects include colds, headaches, and chest and urinary tract infections. Compared to other disease-modifying therapies, the risk of side effects, especially serious ones, is in the middle and similar to those you get with fingolimod. That said, in trials, ozanimod had fewer side effects than fingolimod. When you take your first dose of the drug, it can cause your heartbeat to slow down (it soon goes back to normal). Because of this, your first dose will be smaller andl gradually increase over the first week. Ozanimod causes a short-lived rise in your liver enzymes. They generally go back to normal levels without you needing to stop taking it.

in vitro

ozanimod(rpc1063) was a specific agonist for s1p1 and s1p5 receptors. the ec50values were 160 ± 60 pm and 410 ± 160 pm for s1p1 receptors in the inhibition of camp generation and[35s]-gtpγs binding. the 83% emax value of ozanimod against s1p5 receptor was 11 ± 4.3 nm. rpc1063 dose-dependently decreased s1p1 receptor re-expression on the cell surface and resulted in near complete and sustained loss of cell surface receptor expression at concentrations above 10 nm in s1p1 receptor-hek293t cells after 1 h incubation [1].

in vivo

the t1/2 of ozanimod was 4.7 h and 5.1 h in mice and rats after p.o. administration, respectively. about 81–82% decrease in circulating t lymphocyte was observed after dosing administration for 6 h, with a maximal blood concentration of 45 nm and 159 nm in rats and mice respectively. oral gavage of ozanimod dose-dependently reduced the disease score of mice in both doses (0.2 or 0.6 mg/kg/day) [1].

Enzyme inhibitor

This orally available S1PR1 modulator (FW = 404.46 g/mol; CAS 1306760- 87-1; Solubility: 81 mg/mL DMSO; < 1 mg/mL H2O), also named RPC1063 and 5-[3-[(1S)-2,3-dihydro-1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1H-inden- 4-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-(1-methylethoxy)benzonitrile, selectively targets sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) receptors, which mediate multiple processes, including lymphocyte trafficking, cardiac function, and endothelial barrier integrity. Ozanimod is specific for S1P1R (IC50 = 0.4 nM) and S1P5R, inducing S1P1R internalization and reversibly reducing the number of circulating B and CCR7+ T lymphocytes in vivo. It shows high oral bioavailability and volume of distribution, and a circulatory half-life that supports once daily dosing. Oral ozanimod reduced inflammation and disease parameters in three autoimmune disease models, commending its use in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Indeed, the safety and efficacy of this modulator ozanimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis is indicated on the basis of a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 trial. Other SIPR1-directed immunomodulators include laquinimod, ponesimod, and siponimod.

storage

Store at -20°C

References

[1] scott f l, clemons b, brooks j, et al.  ozanimod (rpc1063) is a potent sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐1 (s1p1) and receptor‐5 (s1p5) agonist with autoimmune disease‐modifying activity[j]. british journal of pharmacology, 2016.sandborn wj, feagan bg1, et al. ozanimod induction and maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis. n engl j med. 2016, 374(18):1754-1762.
[2] Bruce E Sands. “Clinician’s Guide to Using Ozanimod for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.” Journal of Crohns & Colitis (2023): 2012–2025.