Chemical Properties
WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER
Uses
Acetylcholine is an endogenous neurotransmitter at cholinergic synapses that amplifies action potential of the sarcolemma thereby inducing muscle contractions. Acetylcholine iodide is used as an acetylcholine receptor agonist to identify, characterize and differentiate among types of cholinergic receptors. Acetylcholine iodide is used as a substrate to identify and characterize natural and mutated acetylcholinesterase(s).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Endogenous neurotransmitter at cholinergic synapses; amplifies action potential of the sarcolemma thereby inducing muscle contractions.
Synthesis
General procedure for the synthesis of 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethane-1-ammonium iodide from 3,5-dihydroxy-4-acetyltoluene and (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium iodide: 3 moles of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-acetyltoluene and 5 moles of (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium iodide were added to a reaction vessel with controlled stirring at a speed of 130 rpm, and the temperature was raised to 65 °C. The temperature was increased to 65 °C. The temperature was maintained with continuous stirring until the reactants were completely dissolved. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 120 minutes. The temperature of the solution was lowered to 15 °C to promote crystal precipitation, followed by filtration. The crystals were washed with 85% cyclohexane solution, followed by washing again with 90% toluene solution. Finally, dehydration was carried out using anhydrous potassium carbonate as dehydrating agent to afford 761.67 g of 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethane-1-ammonium iodide in 93% yield.
in vivo
Acetylcholine iodide (3 μg; i.v.) increases the electrical potential difference in the proximal colon of rats[2].
Acetylcholine iodide (25 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; twice a day; 15 days) induces mammary ductal growth in some virgin rats[3].
Acetylcholine iodide (25 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; twice a day; 5 days) induces lobular-acinar growth and secretion in the mammary glands of virgin rats pretreated with estrogen[3].
| Animal Model: | Female albino rats (Carworth, weighing 175 - 200 g, age unspecified) for studying mammary growth and lactation induction; Female albino rats (Carworth, postparturient, litter removed on 4th day after parturition) for studying maintenance of mammary structure and secretion[3]. |
| Dosage: | 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg (dissolved in an unspecified solvent for subcutaneous injection) |
| Administration: | Subcutaneous injection, twice daily for 15 days (for induction in virgin rats), twice daily for 5 days after 10 days of estradiol pretreatment (for induction in estrogen-primed virgin rats), twice daily for 10 days (for maintenance in lactating rats after litter removal) |
| Result: | Induced duct growth in some cases without estradiol priming, and lobule-alveolar growth and secretion with estradiol priming in virgin rats.
Retarded mammary involution and maintained lactation in lactating rats after litter removal.
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IC 50
Human Endogenous Metabolite
References
[1] Patent: CN108250089, 2018, A. Location in patent: Paragraph 0011; 0013; 0015
