Detection
Several techniques have been employed to detect quinine hydrochloride (QH), including high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography capillary electrophoresis chemiluminescence, and mass spec trometry. However, these methods are often costly, time-consuming, and involve toxic reagents. Leoriza et al. studied the quinine hydrochloride detection using boron-doped diamond electrodes. The research found that the BDD electrodes demonstrated good selectivity in tonic water with sharp oxidation potentials for QH, confirming their stability for QH detection[1].
Chemical Properties
Quinine hydrochloride is a white, silky, glittering needles; odourless, effloresces when exposed to warm air. Soluble in water, very soluble in ethanol, freely soluble in chloroform, insoluble in ether. Its solutions are neutral or alkaline to litmus. It is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. Quinine Hydrochloride is used as ingredient of beverages and injection medication.
Uses
Quinine Hydrochloride is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
Definition
Quinine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride of a natural substance, quinine, obtained from the bark of various species of Cinchona including Cinchona succirubra, Pavon. (red cinchona); Cinchona officinalis, Linn; Cinchona calizaya, Wenddell; Cinchona ledgeriana, Moens. It is a nature-derived bitter flavoring agent for tonic water, among other beverages.
Biological Activity
Quinine hydrochloride is a displays antimalarial and muscle relaxant properties. Stereoisomer of quinidine; closely related to chloroquine.?
Side effects
Quinine hydrochloride (QH), a natural alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree, is commonly used to impart a bitter taste to tonic water, significantly contributing to its flavour profile. Despite its widespread use, QH can be toxic at higher concentrations of 10 μg/mL It can lead to side effects such as headaches, increased body temperature, insomnia, gastrointestinal issues, cinchonism, and, in se vere cases, cardiac arrhythmias[1].
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by intravenous route: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold, muscle contraction or spasticity, and nausea or vomiting. Mutation data reported. Used as a local anesthetic. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NO, and HCI. See also QUININE.
Synthesis
Manufacture of quinine by extraction from Cinchona bark and subsequent purification and synthesis to quinine hydrochloride.
target
Adrenergic Receptor
References
[1] Meutya Dwi Leoriza . “Study of quinine hydrochloride detection using boron-doped diamond electrodes.” International Journal of Electrochemical Science 19 10 (2024): Article 100778.
[2] Endriz, John D. “Spectrophotometric Determination of Heroin Hydrochloride, Methapyrilene Hydrochloride, and Quinine Hydrochloride.” Journal of AOAC International 46 1 (1963): 637–641.
