General Description
HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (Tat) is an 11kDa protein, which regulates HIV-1 gene expression at the level of transcription and protein synthesis. It is located in the nucleus of infected cells. HIV-1 Tat functions as a transcriptional activator for the synthesis of full-length viral RNA. It induces RNA splicing. Tat is an RNA binding protein, which particularly recognizes trans activator response element (TAR) from the HIV-1 RNA molecule.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Synthetic peptide that includes the sequence responsible for the cellular uptake of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein, consisting of the polycationic region 49–57. The peptide is part of the protein transduction domain (PTD) and was shown to enable the introduction of nucleic acids into cells.
References
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10.1186/1743-422X-10-358.
[3] NANCY MUELLER. The HIV-1 Tat Protein Enhances Splicing at the Major Splice Donor Site.[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2018. DOI:
10.1128/JVI.01855-17.
[4] ESTEBAN CRUZ Veysel K. Synthesis and Enhanced Cellular Uptake In Vitro of Anti-HER2 Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles.[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019. DOI:
10.3390/cancers11060870.
[5] ANDRé ZIEGLER Joachim S. Interaction of the protein transduction domain of HIV-1 TAT with heparan sulfate: binding mechanism and thermodynamic parameters.[J]. Biophysical journal, 2004, 86 1 Pt 1: 254-263. DOI:
10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74101-6.
