Galliumarsenid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H350：Kann Krebs verursachen.

  H372：Schädigt bei Hautkontakt und Verschlucken die Organe bei längerer oder wiederholter Exposition.

• Sicherheit

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P260：Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P270：Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Gallium arsenide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R23/25:Giftig beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
  R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S20/21:Bei der Arbeit nicht essen, trinken,rauchen.
  S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Gallium arsenide contains 48.2% gallium and 51.8% arsenic and is considered an intermetallic compound. It occurs as cubic crystals with a dark gray metallic sheen. Gallium arsenide is electroluminescent in infrared light. Gallium arsenide readily reacts with oxygen in air, forming a mixture of oxides of gallium and arsenic on the crystal surface. Gallium arsenide presents the following properties: hardness, 4.5; thermal expansion coefficient, 5.9×10⁶; thermal conductivity, 0.52Wunits; specific heat, 0.086 cal/g/ ℃; intrinsic electron concentration, 10⁷; energy gap at room temperature, 1.38 eV; electron mobility, 8800 cm²/V/s; effective mass for electrons, 0.06m₀; lattice constant,5.6–54 AO; dielectric constant, 11.1; intrinsic resistivity at 300K＝3.7×10⁸Ωcm; electron lattice mobility at 300K＝ 10,000 cm2/V/s; intrinsic charge density at 300K＝1.4 10⁶ cm^-3; electron diffusion constant at 300K＝310 cm2/s; and hole diffusion constant＝11.5 cm2/s.
  
  Garlic odor when moistened. Finely divided gallium arsenide can react vigorously with steam, energetic acids, and oxidizers to evolve arsine gas, and can release arsenic fumes when heated to decomposition. The molten form attacks quartz.

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  Gray cubic crystal; density 5.316 g/cm3; melts at 1,227°C; hardness 4.5 Mohs; lattice constant 5.653?; dielectric constant 11.1; resistivity (intrinsic) at 27°C, 3.7x10⁸ ohm-cm.

• Verwenden

  Gallium arsenide, GaAs, is considered a possible substitute for silicon substrates, based on its potential for high speed applications where it can operate at high (1.9 GHz) frequencies using low power consumptions and high sensitivity. One reason that GaAs technology has not fulfilled its promise is that silicon technology has dramatically improved in the interim, particularly with improvements in speed, and has reduced the cost-effectiveness of pursuing GaAs development

• Verwenden

  In semiconductor applications (transistors, solar cells, lasers).Gallium arsenide is among the most widely used intermetallic semiconductor components (Harrison, 1986; McIntyr and Sherin, 1989). Gallium arsenide is also incorporated into light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, while gallium alloys are used for dental amalgam as a low toxicity replacement for mercury.

• Verwenden

  Gallium arsenide is electroluminscent in infrared light and is used for telephone equipment, lasers, solar cell, and other electronic devices. GaAs is used as the substrate of the infrared low-pass filter.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  Gallium (Ga) and arsenic (As), heated in a vacuum to eliminate oxygen, are filled in the silica boat and the boat is vacuum-sealed in a silica tube. A single crystal is obtained by putting the silica tube into the horizontal Stockbarger furnace with three zones: A (605℃), B (1250℃) and C (1100℃), and by transporting the tube in the direction A→B→C with the speed of 2 cm/h. The Czochralski method can also be used (refer to InAs).
  The vapor phase method can be used to deposit the thin films. For instance, the GaAs single crystal is grown on the low temperature area by heating the closed tube filled with GaAs together with I2, Cl2, or HCl gas with a temperature gradient. Using this method, we can grow the epitaxial layer.

• synthetische

  Gallium arsenide is prepared by passing a mixture of arsenic vapor and hydrogen over gallium(III) oxide heated at 600°C: Ga2O3 + 2As + 3H2 2GaAs + 3H2O
  The molten material attacks quartz. Therefore, quartz boats coated with carbon by pyrolytic decomposition of methane should be used in refining the compound to obtain high purity material. Gallium arsenide is produced in polycrystalline form as high purity, single crystals for electronic applications. It is produced as ingots or alloys, combined with indium arsenide or gallium phosphide, for semiconductor applications.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Dark gray crystals with a metallic greenish-blue sheen or gray powder. Melting point 85.6°F (29.78°C).

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Stable in dry air. Tarnishes in moist air. Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  GALLIUM ARSENIDE can react with steam, acids and acid fumes. Reacts with bases with evolution of hydrogen. Attacked by cold concentrated hydrochloric acid. Readily attacked by the halogens. The molten form attacks quartz.

• Hazard

  Toxic metal. Questionable carcinogen

• Brandgefahr

  Flash point data for GALLIUM ARSENIDE are not available; however, GALLIUM ARSENIDE is probably combustible.

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Non flammable

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Confirmed carcinogen. Mddly toxic by intraperitoneal route. Most arsenic compounds are poisons. Can react with steam, acids, and acid fumes to evolve the deadly poisonous arsine. Molten gallium arsenide attacks quartz. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of As. See also ARSENIC COMPOUNDS and GALLIUM COMPOUNDS.

• Carcinogenicity

  Carcinogenesis.
  Gallium is antineoplastic in several human and murine cancer cell lines and in some in vivo cancers. It has been used experimentally in patients in the treatment of lymphatic malignancies (including multiple myelomas) and for urothelial malignancies. However, the dissociation of gallium arsenide into gallium and arsenic is a factor to take into account. A considerable number of studies have evaluated the carcinogenic potential of arsenic and various arsenic compounds.

• Structure and conformation

  The space lattice of gallium arsenide (GaAs) belongs to the cubic system T_d², and its zincblende-type structure has a lattice constant of a=0.5654 nm and a distance to its nearest neighbor of 0.244 nm.

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