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It is found that Trigonelline chloride (TG) significantly rescues the morphology of the H9c2 cells. Treatment of cells with Trigonelline chloride attenuates H ₂ O ₂ induced cell deaths and improves the antioxidant activity. In addition, Trigonelline chloride regulates the apoptotic gene caspase-3, caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, Bcl-XL during H ₂ O ₂ induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. For evident, flow cytometer results also confirm that Trigonelline chloride significantly reduces the H ₂ O ₂ induced necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. However, further increment of Trigonelline chloride concentration against H ₂ O ₂ can induce the necrosis and apoptosis along with H ₂ O ₂ .

Trigonelline chloride decreases bone mineralization and tends to worsen bone mechanical properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In nicotinamide/streptozotocin-treated rats, Trigonelline chloride significantly increases bone mineral density (BMD) and tends to improve cancellous bone strength. Trigonelline chloride differentially affects the skeletal system of rats with streptozotocin-induced metabolic disorders, intensifying the osteoporotic changes in streptozotocin-treated rats and favorably affecting bones in the non-hyperglycemic (nicotinamide/streptozotocin-treated) rats.