57-27-2
中文名称
吗啡
英文名称
MORPHINE
CAS
57-27-2
分子式
C17H19NO3
分子量
285.34
MOL 文件
57-27-2.mol
结构式
基本信息
中文别名
吗啡
假嗎啡
吗啡杂质
嗎啡[鹼]
吗啡 溶液
甲醇(吗啡)
盐酸吗啡杂质
盐酸吗啡杂质(6个)
甲醇测试标样(吗啡)
假嗎啡
吗啡杂质
嗎啡[鹼]
吗啡 溶液
甲醇(吗啡)
盐酸吗啡杂质
盐酸吗啡杂质(6个)
甲醇测试标样(吗啡)
英文别名
rms
hocus
morph
morpho
msemma
dreamer
Morfina
Morphia
Morphin
roxanol
hocus
morph
morpho
msemma
dreamer
Morfina
Morphia
Morphin
roxanol
所属类别
生物化工：中草药成分
物理化学性质
| 熔点 | 255°C |
| 沸点 | 427.77°C (rough estimate) |
| 密度 | 1.0864 (rough estimate) |
| 折射率 | 1.5400 (estimate) |
| 闪点 | 11 °C |
| 储存条件 | −20°C |
| 溶解度 | 乙醇（微溶）、甲醇（微溶） |
| 酸度系数(pKa) | 8.21(at 25℃) |
| 形态 | 固体 |
| 颜色 | 白色至淡黄色 |
| 水溶解性 | 0.4mg/L(25 ºC) |
| BCS Class | 1,3 |
| 主要应用 | forensics and toxicology |
| InChI | 1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-/m0/s1 |
| InChIKey | BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N |
| SMILES | CN1CC[C@]23[C@H]4Oc5c(O)ccc(C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C=C[C@@H]4O)c35 |
| CAS 数据库 | 57-27-2 |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Morphinan-3,6-diol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methyl- (5.alpha.,6.alpha.)- (57-27-2) |
安全数据
| 危险性符号(GHS) |    GHS02,GHS06,GHS08 |
| 警示词 | 危险 |
| 危险性描述 | H225-H301+H311+H331-H370 |
| 防范说明 | P210-P280-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P312-P370+P378-P403+P235 |
| 危险品标志 | F,T |
| 危险类别码 | 11-23/24/25-39/23/24/25 |
| 安全说明 | 7-16-36/37-45 |
| 危险品运输编号 | UN 1230 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| REACH 注册登记 | Active |
| 存储类别 | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| 危险性类别 | Acute Tox. 3 Dermal Acute Tox. 3 Inhalation Acute Tox. 3 Oral Flam. Liq. 2 STOT SE 1 |
| 毒害物质数据 | 57-27-2(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 毒性 | An alkaloid of the opium poppy that makes up between 9% and 14% of good grades of opium. Morphine is usually used clinically as an analgesic in the form of the sulfate or hydrochloride salt. The most important acute toxic effect of large doses of morphine is depression of the respiratory centers in the medulla and pons. Morphine and related drugs also cause somnolence, coma, cold clammy skin, bradycardia, and hypotension. Initial doses of morphine seem to stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce emesis, with subsequent doses blocking the vomiting center, hence blocking emesis. Morphine also has profound effects on the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the tone of the intestinal tract, but decreasing the propulsive or spasmodic reflexes, thus resulting in constipation. Morphine stimulates the nucleus of the third cranial nerve to produce miosis, making pinpoint pupil a diagnostic sign both in morphine overdose and morphine addiction. Morphine causes a variety of effects on the CNS and is highly addictive. Many behavioral changes are seen, ranging from euphoria to sedation. These behavioral effects contribute to the problem of abuse with all of the opiates. Tolerance and dependence occur with repeated dosing, with increasingly larger doses being needed to obtain the original effect. Abrupt withdrawal after chronic use can lead to physiological rebound in these same systems. Therapy for acute overdosage involves physiological support (establishment of adequate respiratory exchange), gastric lavage, and use of narcotic antagonists. Morphine and related compounds act by binding to specific high-affinity receptors concentrated in the nervous system, but also located elsewhere in the body. In the nervous system, the endogenous ligands for these morphine receptors are the opioid peptides that include the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The multiple and complex actions of morphine are due, in part, to the fact that it acts as an agonist at many of these classes of receptors. Paregoric (camphorated tincture of opium) is used as an antidiarrheal. Paregoric is a schedule III drug under the US Controlled Substances Act and may produce physical dependence. |