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galactoarabinan (GA) is a multi-functional ingredient with humectant and exfoliating properties. In aqueous solutions, gA can deposit a clear film, creating or helping to create an occlusive environment, preventing transepidermal water loss and enhancing the functionality of a formulation’s active ingredients. In humid conditions gA acts as a moisture binder, and in dry conditions, it is able to retain moisture, further inhibiting moisture loss from the skin. Additionally, gA can improve particle dispersion and the uniformity of emulsion droplets resulting in a more stable emulsion and potentially more efficacious formulation, particularly in the case of sunscreens. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate possible benefit to the immune system given an ability to enhance Langerhans cell proliferation and cytokine production. gA has been shown to boost AHA exfoliation activity without increasing skin irritation, and it also exhibits its own exfoliant properties independent of AHA presence in a formulation, thereby helping reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. gA is a polysaccharide found in all plants and is the dominant sugar of the western larch tree.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.