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Ractopamine hydrochloride is a phenethanolamine β-adrenergic agonist that redirects nutrients away from fat deposition and towards lean deposition. The mode of action of ractopamine primarily involves the modulation of metabolic pathways and signals in muscle and lipid cells to enhance protein accretion. Other mechanisms also include regulation of hormone release and modification of blood flow (Mersmann, 1998). It has the effects of increasing muscle mass and decreasing body fat in rodents and lifestock.

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A β-Adrenergic agonist. A repartitioning agent.

Ractopamine is a feed additive marketed by Elanco Animal Health in the US for swine (Paylean®), cattle (Optaflexx®), and turkeys (Topmax®). Zoetis also markets generic versions for swine (Engain®) and cattle (Actogain®). Ractopamine is intended to provide economic benefits by increasing rate of gain, improving feed efficiency, and increasing carcass leanness. The active ingredient is ractopamine hydrochloride, a synthetic, racemic biogenic amine, and a Beta-adrenoceptor agonists (β-agonists or beta-agonists). β-agonists are anabolic compounds that promote fat loss and muscle gain. It is not an antibiotic, hormone, or steroid.